脉冲星射电光度的估计及其演化规律的研究

本文从极冠模型出发导出辐射束的强度分布和新的光度公式.新的光度公式无需对磁倾角和视线扫过辐射束的部位作出假定,采用新的射电光度值来研究光度的演化规律,发现在周期和周期变率的整个取值范围内射电光度可以用关系式L∝(B/P²)^1.1和L∝Q’^-1.4来描写.这和近几年流行的光度规律不同.     

A corresponding-state approach to quark-cluster matter

The state of super-dense matter is essential for us to understand the nature of pulsars; however, non- perturbative quantum chromodynamics makes it very difficult to make direct calculations of the state of cold matter at realistic baryon number densities inside compact stars. Nevertheless, from an observational point of view, it is conjectured that pulsars could be made up of quark clusters since the strong coupling between quarks might render the quarks to be grouped in clusters. In this paper, we attempt to find an equation of state of condensed quark-cluster matter in a phenomenological way. Supposing that the quark-clusters could be analogized to inert gases, we apply here the corresponding-state approach to derive the equation of state of quark-cluster matter, as was similarly demonstrated for nuclear and neutron-star matter in the 1970s. According to the calculations that we have presented, the quark-cluster stars, which are composed of quark-cluster matter, could have a high maximum mass that is consistent with observations and, in turn, further observations of pulsar mass could also place a constraint on the properties of quark-cluster matter. We will also briefly discuss the melting heat during the solid-liquid phase conversion and its related astrophysical consequences.     

基于小波Fisz变换的X射线脉冲星信号降噪研究

针对X射线脉冲星信号信噪比低,难以获取精确脉冲星信号相位的问题,提出了基于WaveletFisz变换的X射线脉冲星信号的估计方法.根据X射线脉冲星信号特性建立了信号模型,推导了Wavelet-Fisz变换理论,利用该变换将X射线脉冲星信号逼近于高斯分布,对变换后的信号数据进行估计.对大量RXTE的实测数据进行分析,结果表明在Wavelet-Fisz变换下能获得较好的估计性能,且耗时小,有利于X射线脉冲星导航的工程应用.     

Evolving into Magnetars from Normal Pulsars with a Low Braking Index

Anomalous x-ray pulsars （AXPs） and soft gamma-ray repeaters （SCRs） are believed to be candidates for magnetars, and they are powered by the decay of ultra-strong magnetic fields of〉 1014 C. From the modified spin-down relation of pulsars P ∝P^2-n, we find that the Vela pulsar would evolve into the classes of magnetars under some assumptions that pulsars lose their rotational energy only by magnetic dipole radiation and the braking index is a constant. Our rough calculation indicates that only pulsars with n - 1.3 - 1.6 can evolve into magnetars. Pulsars like Vela with a low braking index may be the progenitors of AXPs and SCRs. Regarding the mechanism evolved into magnetars, we suggest that pulsars＇ surface magnetic field component may be increased by frequent glitches.     

高能天体物理前沿鸟瞰 (上)

 很容易确定天体物理诞生的日子,也很容易确定现代宇宙学诞生的日子.前者由基尔霍夫的太阳光谱观测确定,后者由爱因斯坦发表第一个宇宙解确定。但是,很难确定高能天体物理诞生的日子.也许可以作为高能天体物理诞生标志的是巴德和兹威基于1934年发表的一篇论文,题目为《超新星和宇宙线》.     

X射线脉冲星导航与相对论天体物理

介绍国内外正在研究中的X射线脉冲星自主导航的基本原理,及其与相对论天体物理的关系.     

双脉冲星的发现

来自英国、澳大利亚、意大利和美国的天文学家首次发现了双脉冲星.这一发现可用于检验广义相对论,并使研究脉冲星的磁气圈成为可能(有关论文见LyneGetal.Science express,2 0 0 4 ,1 0 94 6 4 5 ) .脉冲星是密度极高的中子星,比地球的质量大一百万倍,而直径仅为几十公里.脉冲星     

广义相对论的珍宝

 从前人们的生活很简单,科学不发达,要跟上物理发展的步伐并不难。今天要做到这一点,对我们大多数人来说,把全部精力和时间都投进去也是不够的。总之,我抓住这条理由,来辩解为什么没有对广义相对论在它从一种鉴赏品发展到一门硬科学的过程中给予关注。