Dark Energy Density in Brane World

We present a possible explanation to the tiny positive cosmological constant under the frame of AdS5 spacetime embedded by a dS4 brahe. We calculate the dark energy density by summing the zero point energy of massive scalar fields in AdS5 spacetime. Under the assumption that the radius of AdS5 spacetime is of the same magnitude as the radius of observable universe, the dark energy density in dS4 brahe is obtained, which is smaller than the observational value. The reasons are also discussed.     

Big Bounce Singularity of a Simple Five—Dimensional Cosmological Model

The big bounce singularity of a simple five-dimensional cosmological model is studied.Contrary to the standard big bang space-time singularity,this big bounce singularity is found to be an event horizon at which the scale factor and the mass density of the universe are finite,while the pressure undergoes a sudden transition from negative infinity to positive infinity.By using coordinate transformation it is also shown that before the bounce the universe contracts deflationary.According to the proper-time,the universe may have existed for an infinitely long time.     

Comment on ‘Five-Dimensional Cosmological Model with Variable G and A＇

This comment corrects the small errors in the Letter of Baysal and Yilmaz [Chin. Phys. Lett. 24 （2007） 2185], where the case of n = 1 was ignored. Meanwhile, the discussion in this comment on the case of n = -3 is novel, which shows a potential reason why today the effect of the extra dimension has not been observed.     

Quantum Tunnelling and Hawking Radiation of Schwarzchild-Anti-de Sitter Black Hole with Topological Defect

We extend Parikh＇s recent work to Schwarzchild-anti-de Sitter black hole with topological defect whose Arnowitt-Deser-Misner （ADM） mass is no longer identical to its mass parameter. We view the Hawking radiation as a tunnelling process across the event horizon and the cosmological horizon. From the tunnelling probability, we find a leading correction to the semi-classical emission rate. The result employs an underlying unitary theory.     

霍金的开放宇宙新理论

２０世纪的天文观测表明，宇宙正处于膨胀的演化过程中．在时间上往过去反推，人们估计在１００多亿年前宇宙是处于极其紧致极其炽热的所谓大爆炸奇性的状态．宇宙的演化必须服从爱因斯坦引力场方程．但是不同的初始状态会导致不同的演化．大爆炸奇性从何而来或者宇宙从何...     

Hawking Radiation from Topological Kerr Anti-de-Sitter Black Hole with One Rotational Parameter via Covariant Anomalies

Using anomalous viewpoint, we study the Hawking radiation from a kind of topological Kerr Anti-de-Sitter （Kerr-AdS） black hole with one rotational parameter. We employ the covariant gauge and gravitational anomalies. The result supports the Robinson-Wilczek opinion and shows that the Hawking temperature can be correctly determined by cancelling covariant gauge and gravitational anomalies at the horizon.     

宇宙的起源与未来——大爆炸宇宙论简介

 大爆炸宇宙论的产生,得益于天文学家们三个主要观测结果。第一个,也是最值得注意的一个观测结果是:1929年,埃德温·哈勃发现,宇宙的主要成分--与我们的银河系相类似的星系,象宇宙弹片一样在巨大爆炸后正彼此逃离开。如果宇宙正在膨胀,一个似乎是不可避免的结论是:它的过去必定是非常小的。这要求必须将某个瞬间作为宇宙诞生的时刻,即膨胀开始之时,哈勃的发现是真正重要的发现,尽管宇宙已非常古老了,但它不会无限早地存在着。可以想象,膨胀倒转回去,象电影倒过来放映一样,天文学家们据此推断,宇宙大约诞生于150亿年前发生的一次大爆炸。第二个观测结果是所谓“宇宙背景辐射”--大爆炸火球冷却以后余辉的存在,它支持了大爆炸理论。令人惊讶的是,在大爆炸事件发生150亿年之后,这种宇宙背景辐射仍充满空间的每个空隙。     

Higher-Dimensional Cosmological Models with Density-Parameter-Dependent Cosmological Constant

We discuss the evolution of the scale factor in a higher-dimensional cosmological model in which the cosmological constant is given by the scalar arisen by the contraction of the stress-energy tensor.     

Viscous Dark Energy Models with Variable G and Λ

We consider a cosmological model with bulk viscosity η and variable cosmological A ∝p^-α, alpha = const and gravitational G constants. The model exhibits many interesting cosmological features. Inflation proceeds du to the presence of bulk viscosity and dark energy without requiring the equation of state p =-p. During the inflationary era the energy density p does not remain constant, as in the de-Sitter type. Moreover, the cosmological and gravitational constants increase exponentially with time, whereas the energy density and viscosity decrease exponentially with time. The rate of mass creation during inflation is found to be very huge suggesting that all matter in the universe is created during inflation.