Detection of Casting Material on Historical Violins by Infrared Spectroscopy and Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

Abstract

Infrared spectroscopy and total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry are used for the analysis of historical varnishes. Total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry is used in the analysis of the elemental composition; infrared spectroscopy is used to determine the inorganic and organic molecules of the binding media, pigments and additives. On historical violins made by A. Guarneri and L. Widhalm silicon and tin were found by total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Silicon was proved to be present in the form of silicon rubber by infrared spectroscopy. A further experiment confirmed that the treatment of a violin with silicon rubber casting material is detectable.