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1.
In CZE, the adsorption of the proteins on the capillary wall is a common problem. This paper describes the simple method of utilizing zwitterionic buffer additives to improve the separation of proteins in untreated fused silica capillaries at neutral pH. Three kinds of zwitterion are evaluated in the separation of acidic, neutral, and basic proteins, including their effect on protein efficiency, mobility, separation, and resolution; the difference between the effects of the different additives are also highlighted. The method has proved to be a possible means of reducing protein adsorption, especially for basic proteins. 相似文献
2.
Rabindra N. Roy James J. Gibbons Guilio LaCross Jr. Charles W. Krueger 《Journal of solution chemistry》1976,5(5):333-343
The two thermodynamic dissociation constants of glycine at 11 temperatures from 5 to 55°C in 50 mass % methanol-water mixed solvent have been determined from precise emf measurements with hydrogen-silver bromide electrodes in cells without liquid junction. The first acidic dissociation constant (K
1)for the process HG+H++G± is expressed as a function ofT(oK) by the equation pK
1 = 2043.5/T – 9.6504 + 0.019308T. At 25°C, pK
1is 2.961 in the mixed solvent, as compared with 2.350 in water, with H°=1497 cal-mole–1, G°=4038 cal-mole–1, S°=–8.52 cal-°K–1-mole–1, and C
p
o
=–53 cal-°K–1-mole–1. The second acidic dissociation constant (K
2)for the process G±H++G– over the temperature range studied is given by the equation pK
2 = 3627.1/T – 7.2371 + 0.015587T. At 25°C, pK
2is 9.578 in MeOH–H2O as compared with 9.780 in water, whereas H° is 10,257 cal-mole–1, G° is 13,063 cal-mole–1, S° is –9.41 cal-°K–1-mole–1, and C
p
o
is –43 cal-°K–1-mole–1. The protonated glycine becomes weaker in 50 mass % methanol-water, whereas the second dissociation process becomes stronger despite the lower dielectric constant of the mixed solvent (=56.3 at 25°C). 相似文献
3.
Vidura D. Thalangamaarachchige Nadeesha J. Silva Daniel K. Unruh Adelia J.A. Aquino Clemens Krempner 《Tetrahedron》2019,75(13):1861-1864
The synthesis, structures and spectroscopic properties of M(MeOCH2CH2OMe2Si)3CBH3 (M-1-BH3) and M(MeOCH2CH2OMe2Si)3SiBH3 (M-2-BH3) (M?=?Li, Na, K) derived from reactions of BH3 with the alkali metal zwitterions [M(MeOCH2CH2OMe2Si)3C] (M-1) and [M(MeOCH2CH2OMe2Si)3Si] (M-2) (M?=?Li, Na, K), resp., are reported. X-ray analysis and DFT calculations reveal discrete zwitterionic structures with the octahedral alkali metal cations rigidly locked and charge separated from the BH3 units via pendant donors groups. Solution experiments with the hydride acceptors B(C6F5)3 and [Ph3C]2[B12C12] indicate that Na-1-BH3 can donate hydrides to form cations of formula [Na(MeOCH2CH2OMe2Si)3CBH2]+. 相似文献
4.
I. Shevchenko V. Andrushko R. Mikolenko D. Shakhnin H. Grützmacher G.-V. Röschenthaler 《Phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon and the related elements》2013,188(6-7):1413-1416
Methylenephosphinophosphorane 1 reacts with azides without evolution of nitrogen to give zwitterionic phosphorazide 3 and iminophosphorazide 4 , which are in equilibrium to each other; 1 reacts with hexafluoroacetone (HFA) in a different way to give zwitterionic product 5 , which may have the ylidic structure 5' . HFA and thio-HFA react analogously with methylenediphosphines 6 to give corbodiphosphoranes 7 . Reaction of 6 with activated alkenes 9 gives monoylide 10 , which is a useful synthone for the synthesis of fluorosubstituted conjugated triene 12 and diylides 13 and 14 . Reaction of 10 with TOB gives unusually stable betaine 15 . Reaction of the other activated alkene 16 with 6 unexpectedly gave the unusual zwitterionic compound 17 . 相似文献
5.
Marek Stach Zuzana KronekováPeter Kasák Jozef KollárMartin Pentrák Matej Mi?ušíkDušan Chorvát Jr. Tim S. NunneyIgor Lacík 《Applied Surface Science》2011,257(24):10795-10801
The sulfobetaine films were prepared on stainless steel and golden surfaces. In the first step, the poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) film was created by employing the electrografting polymerization technique. In the second step, this film was modified to polysulfobetaine, i.e. the polymer film bearing the zwitterionic groups. The presence of the electrografted film and its modification were determined by contact angle measurements, infrared spectroscopy in reflectance mode and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The prepared films were homogeneous with the thickness from about 5 to 26 nm as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The atomic force microscopy measurements showed the increase of surface roughness upon the surface coating. In vitro tests using adherent RAT-2 fibroblast cells and fluorescently labelled bovine serum albumin proteins showed that prepared polysulfobetaine films can be used in applications requiring the resistance against cell attachment and biofouling. 相似文献
6.
Solvation Chemistry of DL‐Nor‐Valine in Aqueous Mixture of Dipolar Aprotic N,N‐Dimethyl Formamide 下载免费PDF全文
In this article, we reported the solubilities of the amino acid DL‐nor‐valine (VAL) at five equidistant temeratures i.e. from 15 to 35 °C in aqueous mixtures of N,N‐dimethyl formamide (DMF). The Standard free energies (ΔG (i)) and entropies (ΔS (i)) of transfer of VAL from water to aqueous mixture of cationophilic dipolar aprotic DMF have been evaluated at 25 °C. The transfer of Gibbs energies (ΔG (i)) and entropies (TΔS (i)) due to the chemical effects have been obtained after elimination of cavity effect, estimated by the scaled particle theory and dipole‐dipole interaction effects, computed by the used of Keesom‐orientation expression. The chemical contribution of transfer energetics of DL‐nor‐valine (VAL) are mainly guided by the composite effects of increased dispersion interaction, basicity effect and decreased acidity, hydrogen bonding effects, hydrophilic hydration and hydrophobic hydration of aqueous DMF mixtures as compared to that of reference solvent, water. 相似文献
7.
Vijay Nair P.B. Beneesh V. Sreekumar S. Bindu Rajeev S. Menon Ani Deepthi 《Tetrahedron letters》2005,46(2):201-203
The zwitterionic species generated by the addition of dimethoxycarbene to dimethyl butynedioate is trapped by arylidenemalononitrile to yield cyclopentenone derivatives. 相似文献
8.
For the first time anionic polymerization of styrene has been successfully carried out at ambient temperatures in an ionic liquid, providing milder reaction conditions than classical methods. The addition of the zwitterion provides better dissociation of the metal cation based initiators and the IL based reaction allows the use of a much milder Lewis base initiator than is usually required. The present method also eliminates the traditional solvents and rigorous reaction conditions. 相似文献
9.
Raczyńska ED Gal JF Maria PC Zientara K Szelag M 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2007,389(5):1365-1380
Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, combined with modern ionization (fast atom bombardment , electrospray
ionization, matrix-assisted laser desorption–ionization), fragmentation (collision-induced dissociation, surface-induced dissociation,
one-photon ultraviolet photodissociation, infrared multiphoton dissociation, blackbody infrared radiative dissociation, electron-capture
dissociation), and separation (high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis) techniques
is now becoming one of the most attractive and frequently used instrumental platforms for gas-phase studies of biomolecules
such as amino acids, bioamines, peptides, polypeptides, proteins, nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides, polynucleotides,
nucleic acids, saccharides, polysaccharides, etc. Since it gives the possibilities to trap the ions from a few seconds up
to thousands of seconds, it is often applied to study ion/molecule reactions in the gas phase, particularly proton-transfer
reactions which provide important information on acid–base properties. These properties determine in part the three-dimensional
structure of biomolecules, most of their intramolecular and intermolecular interactions, and consequently their biological
activity. They also indicate the form (unionized, zwitterionic, protonated, or deprotonated) which the biomolecule may take
in a nonpolar environment.
Figure Biomolecules in the gas-phase acidity-basicity scale 相似文献
10.
Rabindra N. Roy Lakshmi N. Roy Shahaf Ashkenazi Joshua T. Wollen Craig D. Dunseth Michael S. Fuge Jared L. Durden Chandra N. Roy Hannah M. Hughes Brett T. Morris Kevin L. Cline 《Journal of solution chemistry》2009,38(4):449-458
The values of the second dissociation constant, pK
2, of N-(2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine-N′-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) have been reported at twelve temperatures over the temperature range 5 to 55 °C, including
37 °C. This paper reports the results for the pa
H of eight isotonic saline buffer solutions with an I=0.16 mol⋅kg−1 including compositions: (a) HEPES (0.01 mol⋅kg−1) + NaHEPES (0.01 mol⋅kg−1) + NaCl (0.15 mol⋅kg−1); (b) HEPES (0.02 mol⋅kg−1) + NaHEPES (0.02 mol⋅kg−1) + NaCl (0.14 mol⋅kg−1); (c) HEPES (0.03 mol⋅kg−1) + NaHEPES (0.03 mol⋅kg−1) + NaCl (0.13 mol⋅kg−1); (d) HEPES (0.04 mol⋅kg−1) + NaHEPES (0.04 mol⋅kg−1) + NaCl (0.12 mol⋅kg−1); (e) HEPES (0.05 mol⋅kg−1) + NaHEPES (0.05 mol⋅kg−1) + NaCl (0.11 mol⋅kg−1); (f) HEPES (0.06 mol⋅kg−1) + NaHEPES (0.06 mol⋅kg−1) + NaCl (0.10 mol⋅kg−1); (g) HEPES (0.07 mol⋅kg−1) + NaHEPES (0.07 mol⋅kg−1) + NaCl (0.09 mol⋅kg−1); and (h) HEPES (0.08 mol⋅kg−1) + NaHEPES (0.08 mol⋅kg−1) + NaCl (0.08 mol⋅kg−1). Conventional pa
H values, for all eight buffer solutions from 5 to 55 °C, have been calculated. The operational pH values with liquid junction
corrections, at 25 and 37 °C have been determined based on the NBS/NIST standard between the physiological phosphate standard
and four buffer solutions. These are recommended as pH standards for physiological fluids in the range of pH = 7.3 to 7.5
at I=0.16 mol⋅kg−1. 相似文献