Synthesis, Characterization, Spectroscopy and Study of Antimicrobial Properties of Two New Substituted Trichloroaluminate（Ⅲ） Complexes [AlCl3X]- （X = SCN-, CN-）

The synthesis and characterization of two new aluminate(Ⅲ) complexes with general formula K[AlCl3X] are reported. These compounds derived from aluminate trichloride and related salts. Potassium trichlorothiocyanoaluminate, PCTA, and potassium trichlorocyanatoalu-minate, PCCA, are two new ionic aluminate complexes. They can be easily synthesized in a nearly quantitative yield by using the direct reaction of AlCl3 and KX. The complexes were characterized by physico-chemical and spectroscopic methods. Theoretical calculations have been used for the extraction of structural and spectroscopic data of these new synthesized complexes. The antibacterial activities of such compounds were studied against the Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus Epidermidis, Estreptococo B and Shigella.     

化学响应性光子晶体

光子晶体是一种具有光子带隙结构的周期性电介质材料,如果将响应性材料组装到光子晶体结构中,所形成的光子晶体的带隙结构则对外界环境的变化具有响应性,而被称为响应性光子晶体。响应性光子晶体作为光子晶体的一个新领域,由于其在传感器,生物医学,临床检测等方面的潜在应用,近几年受到广泛关注。根据外界环境的不同,响应性光子晶体可简单分为化学响应性光子晶体、物理响应性光子晶体和生物响应性光子晶体等。本文将对化学响应性光子晶体的国内外研究动态做一简要介绍,重点介绍以下五种化学响应性光子晶体:金属离子响应光子晶体、pH响应光子晶体、氧化还原响应光子晶体、葡萄糖响应光子晶体和光化学响应光子晶体。     

Progress toward the development of a point-of-care photonic crystal ammonia sensor

We have developed an ammonia-sensitive material by coupling the Berthelot reaction to our polymerized crystalline colloidal array (PCCA) technology. The material consists of a periodic array of highly charged colloidal particles (110 nm diameter) embedded in a poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate) hydrogel. The particles have a lattice spacing such that they Bragg-diffract visible light. In the Berthelot reaction, ammonia, hypochlorite, and phenol react to produce the dye molecule indophenol blue in an aqueous solution. We use this reaction in our sensor by covalently attaching 3-aminophenol to the hydrogel backbone, which forms cross-links through the Berthelot mechanism. Ammonia reacts with hypochlorite, forming monochloramine, which then reacts with a pendant aminophenol to form a benzoquinone chlorimine. The benzoquinone chlorimine reacts with another pendant aminophenol to form a cross-link. The creation of new cross-links causes the hydrogel to shrink, which reduces the lattice spacing of the embedded colloidal array. This volume change results in a blue-shift in the diffracted light proportional to the concentration of NH₃ in the sample. We demonstrate that the NH₃ photonic crystal sensing material is capable of quantitative determination of concentrations in the physiological range (50–350 μmol NH₃ L⁻¹) in human blood serum.     

Photonic crystal sensor for organophosphate nerve agents utilizing the organophosphorus hydrolase enzyme

We developed an intelligent polymerized crystalline colloidal array (IPCCA) photonic crystal sensing material which reversibly senses the organophosphate compound methyl paraoxon at micromolar concentrations in aqueous solutions. A periodic array of colloidal particles is embedded in a poly-2-hydroxyethylacrylate hydrogel. The particle lattice spacing is such that the array Bragg-diffracts visible light. We utilize a bimodular sensing approach in which the enzyme organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) catalyzes the hydrolysis of methyl paraoxon at basic pH, producing p-nitrophenolate, dimethylphosphate, and two protons. The protons lower the pH and create a steady-state pH gradient. Protonation of the phenolates attached to the hydrogel makes the free energy of mixing of the hydrogel less favorable, which causes the hydrogel to shrink. The IPCCA’s lattice constant decreases, which blueshifts the diffracted light. The magnitude of the steady-state diffraction blueshift is proportional to the concentration of methyl paraoxon. The current detection limit is 0.2 μmol methyl paraoxon per liter.