SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF SULFONATED POLY（ARYLENE ETHER） CONTAINING TRIPHENYL METHANE MOIETIES FROM ISOCYNATE MASKED BISPHENOL

A novel sulfonated poly（arylene ether） containing triphenylmethane moieties was synthesized by the sulfonation of a designed parent polymer using chlorosulfonic acid as sulfonation agent. The sulfonation took place at the para position of the pendant phenyl rings because of the specially designed parent polymer. The position and degree of sulfonation were characterized by ^1H-NMR and elemental analysis. The sulfonated polymers are highly soluble in common organic solvents, such as dimethylsulfoxide, N,N＇-dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and can be readily cast into tough and smooth films from solutions. The films showed good thermal and hydrolysis stabilities. Moreover, Fenton＇s reagent test revealed that the films exhibited superior stability to oxidation. The proton conductivities of the films were comparable with Nation 117 under same conditions. The membrane electrode assembly （MEA） prepared with the asmade film （706 EW, 100 μm dry thickness） shows better cell performance than Nation 115-MEA in the whole current density range.     

Synthesis and Photocatalytic Properties of Coupled Nanocrystalline ZnO/ZnS in Nation Membrane

T The coupled nanocrystalline ZnO/ZnS was fabricated and immobilized in Nafion membrane by using sodium sulfide (Na_2S) as the single anion precursor. The molar ratio of ZnO to ZnS can be controlled by simply adjusting the reaction time. The as-prepared ZnO/ZnS-Nafion samples were characterized by various methods, including optical absorption, X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. These coupled ZnO/ZnS nanocrystals embedded in Nafion membrane displayed excellent photocatalytic activities for their efficient charge separation properties. A mechanism of ZnO/ZnS nanoparticle fabrication in Nation was deduced from the solubility difference, and the photocatalytic mechanism of coupled ZnO/ZnS was discussed as well.     

物理环境对人发结构特性的影响研究

研究了电吹风、紫外线照射等物理环境对人发形态结构、直径、断裂力的影响。结果表明,电吹风的吹干和紫外线长时间的照射均会对头发造成一定程度的损伤。     

Experimental strategy of the spectrophotometric approach using freeze-drying for PO43− determination in frozen and chilled chickens in the Saudi Arabia market

Herein, an efficient analytical method based on an extraction protocol was developed and validated for the spectrophotometric detection of phosphate (PO₄^3?) in chilled and frozen chicken samples. The preparation was a very simple sample that included freeze-drying, extraction with acidified amino acids and filtration of the final extract prior to spectrophotometric analysis. FT-IR spectrum of CS1 was confirmed that the selected solvent has successfully extracted PO₄^3? from the chilled chicken sample. Analytical performances were assessed in chilled of one of the merchant species and showed good recoveries with relative standard deviations (RSD) below 2%. The analytical validation parameters of the method in terms of limit of quantification (LOQ) and detection (LOD) were calculated and found to be 0.10 and 0.032 mg/L, respectively. This protocol has been effectively applied to PO₄^3? determination in chicken samples collected from Saudi supermarkets (Northern KSA), and PO₄^3? in all frozen samples was detected at high mg/kg levels ranging from 2.11 × 10⁴ to 2.90 × 10⁴ mg/kg, while in limit levels of PO₄^3? concentration were detected in the chilled samples except chilled sample 1 (CS1), which was 2.22 × 10⁴ mg/kg. The extraction and determination protocol suggested that this developed method could be validated for routine monitoring of PO₄^3? in food quality control laboratories and safety monitoring.     

流化床干燥实验装置气体分布板的改进

原流化床干燥实验装置没有布置气体分布板,使得床层内存在很大的死角,难以形成较佳的床内流场分布,导致学生做实验时所测得的临界含水率增大,干燥速率变小,干燥速度曲线恒速干燥阶段无法确定,鉴于此,采用双层直流式锥形孔气体分布板改进了原流化床干燥实验装置。经FLUNET数值模拟分析发现,经改进后,热空气在颗粒床层内分布的均匀性显著提高,其扩散范围明显扩大,流速更加趋于稳定,则进出口的速度差显著地降低了,减小为原实验装置的0.072倍,从而使热空气更均匀地干燥床层内的固体颗粒变色硅胶,可减小实验误差,提高实验结果的准确率。     

核黄素在电化学还原石墨烯/Nafion修饰电极上的电化学行为及分析检测

本文采用电化学还原石墨烯(ECGO)/Nafion修饰玻碳电极对核黄素的循环伏安特性进行了研究。结果显示,ECGO/Nafion修饰薄膜对核黄素显示出良好的催化效果。实验考察了氧化石墨烯(GO)/Nafion的用量、扫描圈数、pH值、电位等对核黄素电化学行为的影响。在最优条件下,采用差分脉冲伏安法测定了核黄素检测的线性范围,结果显示,氧化峰电流与核黄素的浓度在7.5×10~(-8)~1.0×10~(-5) mol·L~(-1)范围内呈现良好的线性关系,检测限可达2.5×10~(-8) mol·L~(-1)。用该方法测定实际样品中的核黄素含量,效果较好。     

SmCo0．8Fe0．2-xNixO3（x=0，001，0．2）系列陶瓷在低温常压电化学合成氨中的阴极催化性能研究

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Ce0.8Sm0．2O2—δ（SDC）和SmCo0．8Fe0．2-xNixO3（x=0,0．1,0．2）（SCFN）系列纳米粉体并烧结为陶瓷片,用XRD、TEM、SEM对粉体和烧结体结构进行了表征,分别以SCFN系列陶瓷为阴极,Nation膜为质子交换膜,Ni—SDC金属陶瓷为阳极,银-铂网做集流体组成电解池．以湿氢气和氮气为原料,在低温常压下研究了SCFN系列陶瓷材料在电化学合成氨中的阴极催化性能,结果表明：SCFN中Fe、Ni的含量影响其阴极催化性能,其中以SmCo0．8Fe0．1Ni0.1O3的催化性能最佳,在353K和常压条件下,合成氨速率达到9．69×10^-9mol．s^-1．cm^-2．     

Experimental Heat Transfer Coefficients of Waste Heat Recovery Unit in Detergent Manufacturing Process

The waste heat recovery unit is one of the most important units in the chemical process. It recovers waste heat from the exhaust gas of the process resulting in the reduction of heat loss. In the detergent manufacturing process, the particulate air leaving the spray dryer is the exhaust gas containing the large amount of heat. Therefore, a waste heat recovery unit can significantly reduce heat loss. In this work, heat transfer coefficients of a waste heat recovery unit in the detergent manufacturing process were studied. Waste heat from the particulate air is recovered in the shell and coiled tube heat exchanger. The particulate air flows in the shell side, and water flows in the tube side. Four coiled tubes with different coil pitches were investigated. The results show that the tube-side heat transfer coefficient increases as the coil pitch decreases. Loading ratio also has an important effect on heat transfer coefficients. The increase of loading ratio leads to a lower value of the overall heat transfer coefficient. From 100 experiments, empirical correlations for the prediction of tube-side and shell-side heat transfer coefficients were proposed. The results indicate that the predicted heat transfer coefficients agree well with the experimental values.     

On the spray drying of uniform functional microparticles

Spray drying is a typical method to produce particles in dry powder forms at industrial scale. Most spray-dried products often show a wide range of particle properties even within the same batch. At Monash University, we utilise a microfluidic spray drying approach to generate uniform microparticles with tightly controlled characteristics and sizes in a scalable, almost waste-free process. The technique is useful to correlate the effects of formulation and spray drying conditions on the properties of spray-dried particles, and can be used to test new formulations for targeted applications such as encapsulation and release of active ingredients. The synthesis route can be applied to other self-assembling systems, including mesoporous, crystalline, and hierarchically structured microparticles. As spray drying is commonly used in commercial scales, the understanding of how functional particles are formed in relation to formulations and process conditions could assist in developing a cost effective, energy and material-efficient route to produce powders with better properties and ease of handling for more advanced applications such as selective adsorption and bio-separation.