Blended silicone-ionic liquid membranes: Transport properties of butan-1-ol vapor

This paper is focused on modeling of sorption and desorption kinetics as well as on equilibrium butan-1-ol vapor sorption in blended poly(dimethylsiloxane)-benzyl-3-butylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate membranes. Based on the generalized Fick’s second law, on time-dependent boundary conditions and on two models of equilibrium sorption, the diffusion coefficients of butan-1-ol were calculated from the experimental data using the finite difference modeling. Although anomalous sorption occurred at higher concentrations of butan-1-ol, the diffusion coefficients calculated from the data on sorption and desorption kinetics were in a good agreement. The increase of the ionic liquid content in poly(dimethylsiloxane) elevated the butan-1-ol equilibrium concentration in the membrane, and, at the same time, decreased the values of butan-1-ol diffusion coefficient.     

α‐Fe2O3 Polyhedral Nanoparticles Enclosed by Different Crystal Facets: Tunable Synthesis,Formation Mechanism Analysis,and Facets‐dependent n‐Butanol Sensing Properties

Three kinds of polyhedral α‐Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles enclosed by different facets including oblique parallel hexahedrons (op‐hexahedral NPs), cracked oblique parallel hexahedrons (cop‐hexahedral NPs), and octadecahedral nanoparticles (octadecahedral NPs), were successfully prepared by simply changing only one reaction parameter in the hydrothermal process. The structural and morphological of the products were systematically studied using various characterizations including X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), revealing that the three kinds of α‐Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles were enclosed by {104}, {110}/{104}, and {102}/{012}/{104} crystal planes, respectively. The exposed facets and shape of the nanocrystals were found to be affected by the adding amount of ethylene glycol in the solvent. The gas‐sensing properties and mechanism of the α‐Fe₂O₃ samples were studied and analyzed, which indicated that the sensitivity of the three samples followed the order of octadecahedral NPs > cop‐hexahedral NPs > op‐hexahedral NPs due to the combined effects of specific surface area and oxygen defects in the nanocrystals.     

Effect of Sulfation of Zirconia on Catalytic Performance in the Dehydration of Aliphatic Alcohols

Catalytic dehydration of 2‐propanol and that of 1‐butanol were performed at atmospheric pressure and 150–300°C over ZrO₂ and sulfated ZrO₂ (S/ZrO₂) in a fixed‐bed, tubular reactor. The catalysts were characterized with XRD, elemental analysis, FT‐IR, N₂ physisorption, TG/DTA, TPD, and TPR. The main structures of ZrO₂ and S/ZrO₂ were monoclinic and tetragonal, respectively. As ZrO₂ was modified with sulfuric acid, its surface area and acid amount were greatly increased, whereas the pore volume, the pore diameter, and the particle size were reduced. Both samples owned weak basicity. For both reactions, only dehydration products of alkene and ether were obtained. The alcohol conversion enhanced remarkably with the catalyst acid amount and the surface area as well as the reaction temperature. In addition, the ether selectivity on S/ZrO₂ decreased with raising the reaction temperature. The activation energy was 81.0 kJ/mol in the propene formation from 2‐propanol over S/ZrO₂. The corresponding value was 94.4 kJ/mol for the dehydration of 1‐butanol.     

Refractive indices and molar refractions for isomeric chlorobutanes with isomeric butanols

Experimental refractive indices and molar refractions for the binary mixtures of each of the isomers of chlorobutane with each of the isomers of butanol are given at 298.15?K. From these data the refractive index deviations were calculated. The experimental refractive index results were compared with those predicted by several mixing rules: Lorentz–Lorenz, Gladstone–Dale, Arago–Biot, Wiener and Heller.     

Biosynthesis of Unsaturated Fatty Acids via Mortierella Isabellina Cultivated in a Medium Containing Butanol

IntroductionThe biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acidshasattracted more attention in recent years. Forexample,linoleic and linolenic acids are importantmaterials for pharmaceutical and food industries.Besides,they can be used to synthesize paint,printing ink and surfactant,etc. A number ofmicroorganisms have been studied as potentialcommercial sources to produce unsaturated fattyacids[1] .Agricultural and industrial products,by-products,etc. have been employed in thecultivation of those orga…     

新型固体酸催化剂SO42-/Fe2O3-ZrO2-SiO2的研究

研制了新型三元ＷＯ４＾２－／ＦｅｗＯ３－ＺｒＯ２－ＳｉＯ２固体酸催化剂并用于催化剂并用于催化乙酸／丁醇酯化反应;考察了制备方法、Ｆｅ,Ｚｒ摩尔比、Ｓｉ原子百分含量、沉淀ｐＨ值、陈化时间、预焙烧温度、浸渍液Ｈ２ＳＯ４溶液浓度、焙烧温度、焙烧气氛等对催化性能的影响。实验结果表明,使用Ｓｉ含量为２％,ｍｏｌＦｅ：ｍｏｌＺｒ＝０．２５由共沉淀－浸渍法在氧气气氛中制得的该类催化剂,乙酸的转化率、乙酸丁酯收率     

在仲丁醇脱氢反应中负载型铜催化剂的研究

采用浸渍法制备Cu/SiO₂和Cu-ZnO/SiO₂催化剂.研究了活性物种Cu和助剂ZnO的担载量对催化剂的结构和性能的影响,同时考察该催化剂对仲丁醇脱氢活性和选择性的影响.借助XRD和TPR对催化剂进行了表征,结果表明,高分散的Cu⁰为反应的活性中心,ZnO起到分散和稳定铜物种的作用.铜-锌之间的某种相互作用导致了缩合产物增加.     

Continuous production of butanol with immobilized cells ofClostridium acetobutylicum

Spores ofClostridium acetobutylicum were immobilized in calcium alginate. An active gel preparation was obtained after outgrowth of the spores to vegetative cells within the gel matrix. A 100 mL column containing the immobilized cells was used for continuous production. At steady-state conditions the productivity of butanol was 67 g/L reactor volume/day.     

新型层柱催化剂ZnAl-XW(11)Z的酯化催化活性

用离子交换法制备了层柱催化剂ＺｎＡｌ－ＸＷ１１Ｚ（Ｘ＝Ｐ，Ｇｅ，Ｂ和Ｃｏ：Ｚ＝Ｖ，Ｔｉ，Ｃｒ和Ｃｏ等）；ＸＲＤ和ＩＲ测试结果表明，该化合物具有通道高度为０．９９±０．０１ｎｍ的层柱的结构，层间阴离子保持Ｋｅｇｇｉｎ结构骨架；对乙酸与正丁醇的催化反应，它比ＨＹ分子筛具有更高的催化剂活性；吸附吡啶的ＩＲ测定结果表明，它同时具有有Ｂ酸和Ｌ酸两种酸性中心。     

Condensation of 2‐Pyrone with 3‐Aminopyrazolone. A Novel Synthesis of Pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridines

Abstract

A simple route to the preparation of new heterocyclic systems: pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridines from the easily available 2‐pyrone and 3‐aminopyrazolone. The structure of the compounds and the mechanism of their formation are reported.