Further monopole effects in neutron-rich Sb isotopes

The level spectra of neutron-rich Sb isotopes have been investigated within a shell-model space containing cross-shell excitations and the intruder orbit i_13/2.High-spin levels(27/2^-) and(29/2^-) in 135 Sb are taken over by the monopole effect induced by orbit i_13/2.The ground state and excited levels in 136 Sb are well improved by considering the monopole correction between neutron orbits f_7/2 and h_9/2.The energy shrinking of the ...     

Monopole effects,core excitations,and β decay in the A = 130 hole nuclei near ~(132)Sn

The proton and neutron cross-shell excitations across the Z = 50 shell are investigated in the southwest quadrant of ~(132) Sn by large-scale shell-model calculations with extended pairing and multipole-multipole force. The model space allows proton(neutron) core excitations, and both the low-and high-energy states for ~(130) In are well described, as found by comparison with the experimental data. The monopole effects between the proton orbit and neutron orbit are studied as the new monopole correction that perfectly reproduces the first 1~+ level in ~(130) In. The energy interval of proton(neutron) core excitations in ~(130) In lies in the range of 4.5-6.5(2.0-4.1) MeV, and the high energy yrast states are predicted as neutron core excitations. The decays are calculated among the A=130 nuclei of ~(130) In, ~(130) Sn and ~(130) Cd.     

双幻核16O附近核素14C, 14,15N, 14-18O能谱结构的壳模型计算分析

根据YSOX，WBT以及WBP三种不同的有效相互作用对双幻核16O附近同位素14C, 14,15N, 和 14-18O的能谱结构进行了比较分析，在结合相应的实验值的基础上揭示了重新考虑跨壳相互作用对壳模型理论计算的优化效果。借助不同的相互作用以及大量理论数据与实验值的对比，发现了已有壳模型有效相互作用在该核区的不足之处，例如部分能级误差较大、能级次序反转等，这为下一步改进这些有效相互作用创造了条件。     

大型壳模型计算中的截断效应对132Sn附近丰中子空穴核能级结构的影响

以双幻核132Sn以及附近的空穴核131Sn,130Sn,131In,130In,130Cd为例,研究了大型壳模型计算中的截断效应对该核区能级结构以及电四极跃迁的影响,其中截断包括了有无中子跨壳激发,以及限制轨道粒子数两种情况。计算结果表明,只有在允许质子跨壳激发的情况下才能给出130In与实验相符的基态能级,而允许两个中子的跨壳激发则会改善132Sn的低激发能级结构。此外中子壳芯激发也会对该核区空穴核的低激发能级有一定的影响,相应低能态之间的电四极跃迁则更加敏感地反映出了空间截断效应的影响。With two different truncations, i.e., neutron core-excitation truncation and orbital particle-number truncation, the research is studied at the truncation effects in shell-model calculations by the hole nuclei of 130Sn, 131Sn, 130In, 130In and 130Cd. We found that the right ground state of 130In needs proton core-excitation in shell model space, and allowing two neutron core-excitations will promote the low-lying states in 132Sn. The neutron core-excitations will also slightly affect the low-lying levels of hole-nuclei close to 132Sn, and the values of BE2 between the corresponded low-lying states reflect more obviously to the neutron core-excitations.     

The structure of the spherical tensor forces in the USD and GXPF1A shell model Hamiltonians

The realistic shell model Hamiltonians, USD and GXPF1A, have been transformed from the particle-particle (normal) representation to the particle-hole representation (multipole-multipole) by using the known formulation in Ref. [1]. The obtained multipole-multipole terms were compared with the known spherical tensor forces, including the coupled ones. It is the first time the contributions of the coupled tensor forces to the shell model Hamiltonian have been investigated. It has been shown that some coupled-tensor forces, such as r²Y₂σ]¹, also give important contributions to the shell model Hamiltonian.     

丰中子锰同位素的壳模型计算

利用球形壳模型和投影壳模型两种方法对Z≤28,N=40附近pf壳的丰中子核素的结构进行了一系列的研究。以丰中子的锰同位素为例讨论了对奇奇核58,60Mn的两种壳模型计算结果。结果显示,两种理论方法都很好地再现了58,60Mn实验上观测到的从低激发到高自旋态的能级。在对这两个同位素由中子g_9/2轨道闯入所产生的负宇称转动带进行描述时,两种理论计算也得到了一致的结果。通过对比,阐明了两种壳模型方法及其采用的有效相互作用在该丰中子核区的适用性,特别强调了中子g_9/2轨道的激发对于pf壳Z≤28丰中子核素结构的重要性。Recently,we have carried out a series of studies on the structures of pf shell neutron-rich nuclei around N=40 using the spherical shell model and the projected shell model respectively.As an example,these two types of shell model calculations for the neutron-rich odd-odd isotopes 58,60Mn are discussed in this paper.The results show that both the calculations reproduce the observed experimental energy levels from the lowexcitation states to the high-spin ones in 58,60Mn.Consistent results are also obtained by these two theoretical calculations when describing the negative-parity rotational band derived from the intruder neutron g_9/2 orbital in both isotopes.Through comparison,we show the applicability of these two shell model methods and the adopted effective interactions in the present neutron-rich mass region.The significance of the excitations from neutron g_9/2 orbital to the structures of the neutron-rich nuclei in pf shell with Z≤28 are especially emphasized in this paper.     

Large-Scale Shell Model for Nuclear Structure and Nuclear Astrophysics Studies

The study of neutron-rich nuclei near 132Sn is interesting and important for both nuclear  structure and nuclear astrophysics. For a considerably large model space allowing cross-shell excitations, a new effective Hamiltonian is determined by employing the extended pairing-plus-quadrupole model with monopole corrections. Calculations for two mass regions, for the north-east quadrant of 132Sn with Z > 50 and N > 82 and for the south-west quadrant with Z < 50 and N < 82, have been performed recently. The structure of these nuclei is analyzed in detail, and the role of the monopole corrections canbe clearly seen.     

光学教材中有关椭圆偏振光知识的分析与解读

常见的本科光学教材中,在平面简谐电磁波的波函数形式、椭圆偏振光的旋向与两子波的相位差之间的关系、椭圆偏振光的琼斯矢量表达式等知识点上,所给出的推导过程和结论不尽相同,甚至互相矛盾,令学生迷惑、误解.结合笔者的教学经验,对以上问题进行了对比分析,对各知识点进行了深入梳理,经推导和证明,给出了明确的结论.