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Hesam Makki Koen N. S. Adema Elias A. J. F. Peters Jozua Laven Leendert G. J. van der Ven Rolf A. T. M. van Benthem Gijsbertus de With 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2016,54(6):659-671
In this article we studied the evolution of thermomechanical properties of a polyester‐urethane coating during degradation under different degradation conditions, i.e., aerobic and anaerobic conditions with and without dry/wet cycling during degradation. Dynamic mechanical and thermal analyses show that under aerobic conditions the coatings become stiffer and more brittle in the glassy state. This stiffening is probably due to the increase in the amount of hydrogen bonding and the formation of oxidized groups which increase the polarity of the material and enhance the interactions of the polymer segments. However, oxidation reactions result in a considerable decrease in cross‐link density and stiffness in the rubbery state. Both changes, in the glassy and rubbery states, give rise to development of internal stresses. These stresses increase as the degradation process proceeds. Nevertheless, for samples exposed to anaerobic conditions, the stiffness remains constant in the glassy state and the cross‐link density slightly increases as a result of degradation. This reconfirms the dominance of the effect of oxidation reactions on the mechanical failure of the coatings. Oxygen permeation measurements show a more‐or‐less time‐independent diffusion coefficient and a gradual decrease in solubility of oxygen as a function of exposure time. This results in a slight decrease in oxygen permeation (mainly in the early stage of the degradation) as degradation proceeds. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016 , 54, 659–671 相似文献
3.
Colibactin represents a structurally undefined class of bacterial genotoxin inducing DNA damage and genomic instability in mammalian cells, thus promoting tumour development and exacerbating lymphopenia in animal models. The colibactin biosynthetic gene cluster (clb) has been known for ten years and it encodes a hybrid nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS)/polyketide synthase (PKS) assembly line. Nevertheless, the final chemical product(s) remain unknown. Previously, we and others reported several colibactin pathway-related metabolites including N-myristoyl-d-asparagine (1) as part of a prodrug precursor that is cleaved from the putative precolibactin to form active colibactin by the peptidase ClbP. Herein, we report two new colibactin pathway-related metabolites (2 and 3) isolated from a clbP mutant of the probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 strain. Their structures were established by HRMS and NMR. Compound 2 shows an additional 4-aminopenatanoic acid moiety with respect to 1, while 3 is characterized by the presence of an unusual 7-methyl-4-azaspiro[2.4]hept-6-en-5-one residue. Moreover, we propose the biosynthetic pathway towards both intermediates on the basis of extensive gene inactivation and feeding experiments. The identification of 2 and 3 provides further insight into colibactin biosynthesis including the involvement and formation of a rare 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid unit. Thus, our work establishes additional steps of the pathway forming the bacterial genotoxin colibactin. 相似文献
4.
Dr. Konrad Viehrig Dr. Frank Surup Dr. Carsten Volz Dr. Jennifer Herrmann Dr. Antoine Abou Fayad Sebastian Adam Dr. Jesko Köhnke Prof. Dr. Dirk Trauner Prof. Dr. Rolf Müller 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2017,56(26):7407-7410
Secondary metabolome mining efforts in the myxobacterial multiproducer of natural products, Chondromyces crocatus Cm c5, resulted in the isolation and structure elucidation of crocagins, which are novel polycyclic peptides containing a tetrahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole core. The gene cluster was identified through an approach combining genome analysis, targeted gene inactivation in the producer, and in vitro experiments. Based on our findings, we developed a biosynthetic scheme for crocagin biosynthesis. These natural products are formed from the three C-terminal amino acids of a precursor peptide and thus belong to a novel class of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs). We demonstrate that crocagin A binds to the carbon storage regulator protein CsrA, thereby inhibiting the ability of CsrA to bind to its cognate RNA target. 相似文献
5.
Our work presents extensions of multi layered composite sphere models known from the literature to temperature-dependent elastic effects accompanied by curing. In particular, volumetric effective properties are obtained by homogenization for a representative unit cell (micro-RVE) on the heterogeneous microscale for thermo-chemo-mechanical coupling within linear elasticity. To this end, an analytical solution for an n-layered composite sphere model is derived. In a numerical study for a (3)-phase matrix it is demonstrated that the effective elastic and thermal properties lie within Voigt and Reuss bounds, whilst for the chemical part of the model an analogous result is obtained for the effective strains. (© 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
6.
Silke C. Wenzel Holger Hoffmann Jidong Zhang Laurent Debussche Sabine Haag‐Richter Michael Kurz Frederico Nardi Peer Lukat Irene Kochems Heiko Tietgen Dietmar Schummer Jean‐Paul Nicolas Loreley Calvet Valerie Czepczor Patricia Vrignaud Agnes Mühlenweg Stefan Pelzer Rolf Müller Mark Brnstrup 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,127(51):15781-15785
7.
The gallides SrRh2Ga2, SrIr2Ga2, and Sr3Rh4Ga4 were obtained from the elements by induction melting and subsequent annealing. They were investigated by powder and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction: CaRh2B2 type, Fddd, a = 573.2(1), b = 1051.3(1), c = 1343.7(2) pm, wR2 = 0.0218, 398 F2 values, 15 variables for SrRh2Ga2; a = 576.0(1), b = 1045.5(1), c = 1350.6(3) pm for SrIr2Ga2, and Na3Pt4Ge4 type, I$\bar{4}$ 3m, a = 777.4(2) pm, wR2 = 0.0234, 190 F2 values, 11 variables for Sr3Ir4Ga4. The gallides SrRh2Ga2 and Sr3Ir4Ga4 exhibit complex, covalently bonded three‐dimensional [Rh2Ga2] and [Ir4Ga4] networks with short Rh–Ga (241–246 pm) and Ir–Ga (243–259 pm) distances. The strontium atoms fill large cages within these networks. They are coordinated by 8 Rh + 10 Ga in SrRh2Ga2 and by 4 Ir + 8 Ga in Sr3Ir4Ga4. The structure of SrRh2Ga2 is discussed along with the monoclinic distortion variants HoNi2B2 and BaPt2Ga2 on the basis of a group‐subgroup scheme. 相似文献
8.
Construction of a New Class of Tetracycline Lead Structures with Potent Antibacterial Activity through Biosynthetic Engineering 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Urška Lešnik Dr. Tadeja Lukežič Dr. Ajda Podgoršek Dr. Jaka Horvat Dr. Tomaž Polak Dr. Martin Šala Branko Jenko Dr. Kirsten Harmrolfs Dr. Alain Ocampo‐Sosa Prof. Dr. Luis Martínez‐Martínez Dr. Paul R. Herron Dr. Štefan Fujs Dr. Gregor Kosec Prof. Dr. Iain S. Hunter Prof. Dr. Rolf Müller Prof. Dr. Hrvoje Petković 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2015,54(13):3937-3940
Antimicrobial resistance and the shortage of novel antibiotics have led to an urgent need for new antibacterial drug leads. Several existing natural product scaffolds (including chelocardins) have not been developed because their suboptimal pharmacological properties could not be addressed at the time. It is demonstrated here that reviving such compounds through the application of biosynthetic engineering can deliver novel drug candidates. Through a rational approach, the carboxamido moiety of tetracyclines (an important structural feature for their bioactivity) was introduced into the chelocardins, which are atypical tetracyclines with an unknown mode of action. A broad‐spectrum antibiotic lead was generated with significantly improved activity, including against all Gram‐negative pathogens of the ESKAPE panel. Since the lead structure is also amenable to further chemical modification, it is a platform for further development through medicinal chemistry and genetic engineering. 相似文献
9.
Dr. Kathrin I. Mohr Dr. Carsten Volz Dr. Rolf Jansen Dr. Victor Wray Dr. Judith Hoffmann Dipl.‐Ing. Steffen Bernecker Priv.‐Doz. Dr. Joachim Wink Dr. Klaus Gerth Prof. Dr. Marc Stadler Prof. Dr. Rolf Müller 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2015,54(38):11254-11258
Lantibiotics (lanthionine‐containing antibiotics) from Gram‐positive bacteria typically exhibit activity against Gram‐positive bacteria. The activity and structure of pinensin A ( 1 ) and B ( 2 ), lantibiotics isolated from a native Gram‐negative producer Chitinophaga pinensis are described. Surprisingly, the pinensins were found to be highly active against many filamentous fungi and yeasts but show only weak antibacterial activity. To the best of our knowledge, lantibiotic fungicides have not been described before. An in‐depth bioinformatic analysis of the biosynthetic gene cluster established the ribosomal origin of these compounds and identified candidate genes encoding all of the enzymes required for post‐translational modification. Additional encoded functions enabled us to build up a hypothesis for the biosynthesis, export, sensing, and import of this intriguing lantibiotic. 相似文献
10.
Production of the Bengamide Class of Marine Natural Products in Myxobacteria: Biosynthesis and Structure–Activity Relationships 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Silke C. Wenzel Dr. Holger Hoffmann Dr. Jidong Zhang Dr. Laurent Debussche Dr. Sabine Haag‐Richter Dr. Michael Kurz Dr. Frederico Nardi Dr. Peer Lukat Irene Kochems Dr. Heiko Tietgen Prof. Dr. Dietmar Schummer Jean‐Paul Nicolas Dr. Loreley Calvet Dr. Valerie Czepczor Dr. Patricia Vrignaud Dr. Agnes Mühlenweg Priv.‐Doz. Dr. Stefan Pelzer Prof. Dr. Rolf Müller Prof. Dr. Mark Brönstrup 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2015,54(51):15560-15564
The bengamides, sponge‐derived natural products that have been characterized as inhibitors of methionine aminopeptidases (MetAPs), have been intensively investigated as anticancer compounds. We embarked on a multidisciplinary project to supply bengamides by fermentation of the terrestrial myxobacterium M. virescens, decipher their biosynthesis, and optimize their properties as drug leads. The characterization of the biosynthetic pathway revealed that bacterial resistance to bengamides is conferred by Leu 154 of the myxobacterial MetAP protein, and enabled transfer of the entire gene cluster into the more suitable production host M. xanthus DK1622. A combination of semisynthesis of microbially derived bengamides and total synthesis resulted in an optimized derivative that combined high cellular potency in the nanomolar range with high metabolic stability, which translated to an improved half‐life in mice and antitumor efficacy in a melanoma mouse model. 相似文献