Protonating power of aqueous and aqueous-alcoholic solutions of HC1 in the presence of inorganic salts

The indicator method has been used to obtain a scale of protonating power of the medium H_o ^s for solutions of HCl in the solvents of constant composition H₂O-EtOH-KCl and H₂O-NH₄Cl at 25C. It is shown that in the solvents investigated the value of H_O ^s in HCl is the same as H₀ in aqueous solution for the same ratios of the concentrations of HCl and of the basic solvents H₂O and EtOH. A method is worked out for estimating the value of of an organic base in aqueous and aqueous-alcoholic solutions of HCl in the presence of inorganic salts.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 996–1000, May, 1991.     

Proton solvation in methanol solutions of HCl

The MFTIR IR spectra of solutions of HCl in methanol were obtained in the 900–4000 cm^–1 frequency range. It was found that each proton binds two molecules of methanol. The spectra exhibit intense, continuous absorption (CA) with an intensity coefficient at 2000 cm^–1 of 174±10 liter/(mole·cm), which is in agreement with the corresponding coefficient for H₅O ₂ ⁺ . The optical densities of CA are linear functions of the concentration of HCl at 900–1600 cm^–1; there is no linearity at higher frequencies for C_HCl>4 M, and there are less than two molecules of MeOH for each (MeOH)₂H⁺ ion. The results obtained are in agreement with the model in which CA arises in solutions of strong acids because of the interaction of proton vibrations in a strong symmetric H bond with the vibrations of other groups of the proton disolvate.N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117977 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 2261–2268, October, 1992.     

Distribution of dopant metals between PbTiO3 crystals and PbO-B2O3 flux

Single crystals of lead titanate PbTiO₃ doped with silicon, calcium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, and cadmium were grown. The compositions and crystallographic parameters of the crystals were studied. The lowest distribution coefficients of dopants between PbTiO₃ crystals and flux were observed with Mn⁺² and Co⁺² and the highest, with Ca⁺². Doping with niobium leads to the formation of solid solutions with the pyrochlore structure A₂B₂O₇ and even higher distribution coefficient. A correlation was found between dopant concentrations and crystal cell parameters.     

Synthesis of cyclic iodonium salts containing an asymmetric carbon atom

We report the synthesis of two iodonium salts with an asymmetric carbon atom in the cation, viz. 3-methyl-10H,10-(4-tolyl)dibenz[b,e]iodinium tetrafluoroborate and the salt of the same cation with the anion of (–)-mono(N--phenylethyl)maleic acid amide as well as the synthesis of 3-methyl-10H-dibenz[b,e]-iodinium tetrafluoroborate.M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, Russia. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 8, pp. 1112–1118, August, 1999.