基于压缩全息和空分复用的多彩色图像加密

针对现有光学加密方法进行彩色图像加密时加密容量低、解密图像失真度高等问题,提出一种基于压缩全息和空分复用的多彩色图像加密方法.在光学加密阶段,结合改进的Mach-Zehnder干涉仪与空分复用技术,通过不同的随机相位掩膜对多幅彩色图像进行同时加密,仅需单次曝光即可得到由多幅彩色图像加密的全息图.在解密过程中,由于记录全息图的过程可建模为压缩感知过程,使用两步迭代收缩/阈值算法即可求解.实验结果表明,提出的加密系统加密容量大,解密重建图像质量高,结合压缩感知理论,有效地消除了同轴全息中平方场项对解密重建性能的影响,解密图像平均峰值信噪比仅下降约2～5dB;密钥安全性高,随机相位掩膜与传播距离均起到密钥的作用,在随机相位掩膜错误或传播距离仅偏移0.25%时,便无法解密出原始彩色图像;且对噪声与遮挡性攻击具有良好的鲁棒性,解密重建性能随噪声增大下降趋势缓慢,加密全息图80%信息受到遮挡性攻击时,仍可取得良好的解密重建结果.     

Adsorption Site Regulation to Guide Atomic Design of Ni–Ga Catalysts for Acetylene Semi‐Hydrogenation

Atomic regulation of metal catalysts has emerged as an intriguing yet challenging strategy to boost product selectivity. Here, we report a density functional theory‐guided atomic design strategy for the fabrication of a NiGa intermetallic catalyst with completely isolated Ni sites to optimize acetylene semi‐hydrogenation processes. Such Ni sites show not only preferential acetylene π‐adsorption, but also enhanced ethylene desorption. The characteristics of the Ni sites are confirmed by multiple characterization techniques, including aberration‐corrected high‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray absorption spectrometry measurements. The superior performance is also confirmed experimentally against a Ni₅Ga₃ intermetallic catalyst with partially isolated Ni sites and against a Ni catalyst with multi‐atomic ensemble Ni sites. Accordingly, the NiGa intermetallic catalyst with the completely isolated Ni sites shows significantly enhanced selectivity to ethylene and suppressed coke formation.     

考虑破损-安全的连续体结构拓扑优化ICM方法

本文瞄准连续体在破损-安全考虑下的结构拓扑优化问题,旨在克服传统模型求解所得最终构型存在的弊病,避免结构因缺乏合理的冗余结构而敏感于局部破坏,实现破损-安全的目标. 首先,梳理了以往虽然用到却并不明晰的4个概念:结构局部破损模式、结构局部破损区域、结构破损状况、结构破损状况的预估分布. 之后,基于独立连续映射(ICM)方法,对该问题建立了力学性能约束下结构体积极小化的模型. 建立目标函数时,利用Minimax的概念将可能出现的结构破损状况对应的所有结构体积目标转化为原结构的唯一结构体积目标,克服了多目标问题的困难. 建立近似约束函数时,将可能出现的所有结构破损状况对应的力学性能的约束皆考虑进去,既能处理载荷单工况也能处理载荷多工况. 最后,以位移约束为例,建立了优化模型并求解. 单工况及多工况位移约束拓扑优化算例验证了算法的有效性. 结果表明:本方法相比于不考虑破损-安全的拓扑优化设计,得到的最优拓扑更复杂,体积比更大即所用材料更多,亦即最优结构具有更多的冗余,此正是考虑破损-安全设计原则的结果. 本文的研究对于航空、航天、其他水、陆等领域运载工具以及其他工程结构在意外破坏、战争创伤或恐怖袭击下的结构设计,乃是非常重要的进展.      

Pseudo-2D Layered Organic-Inorganic Manganese Bromide with a Near-Unity Photoluminescence Quantum Yield for White Light-Emitting Diode and X-Ray Scintillator

Eco-friendly lead-free organic–inorganic manganese halides (OIMHs) have attracted considerable attention in various optoelectronic applications because of their superior optical properties and flexible solution processibility. Herein, we report a novel pseudo-2D layered OIMH (MTP)₂MnBr₄ (MTP: methyltriphenylphosphonium), which exhibits intense green emission under UV/blue or X-ray excitation, with a near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield, high resistance to thermal quenching (I_{150 °C}=84.1 %) and good photochemical stability. These features enable (MTP)₂MnBr₄ as an efficient green phosphor for blue-converted white light-emitting diodes, demonstrating a commercial-level luminous efficiency of 101 lm W⁻¹ and a wide color gamut of 116 % NTSC. Moreover, these (MTP)₂MnBr₄ crystals showcase outstanding X-ray scintillation properties, delivering a light yield of 67000 photon MeV⁻¹, a detection limit of 82.4 nGy s⁻¹, and a competitive spatial resolution of 6.2 lp mm⁻¹ for X-ray imaging. This work presents a new avenue for the exploration of eco-friendly luminescent OIMHs towards multifunctional light-emitting applications.     

Infection Microenvironment-Sensitive Photothermal Nanotherapeutic Platform to Inhibit Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can induce multiple inflammations. The biofilm formed by MRSA is resistant to a variety of antibiotics and is extremely difficult to cure, which seriously threatens human health. Herein, a nanoparticle encapsulating berberine with polypyrrole core and pH-sensitive shell to provide chemo-photothermal dual therapy for MRSA infection is reported. By integrating photothermal agent polypyrrole, berberine, acid-degradable crosslinker, and acid-induced charge reversal polymer, the nanoparticle exhibited highly efficient MRSA infection treatment. In normal uninfected areas and bloodstream, nanoparticles showed negatively charged, demonstrating high biocompatibility and excellent hemocompatibility. However, once arriving at the MRSA infection site, the nanoparticle can penetrate and accumulate in the biofilm within 2 h. Simultaneously, berberine can be released into biofilm rapidly. Under the combined effect of photothermal response and berberine inhibition, 88.7% of the biofilm is removed at 1000 µg mL⁻¹. Moreover, the nanoparticles have an excellent inhibitory effect on biofilm formation, the biofilm inhibition capacity can reach up to 90.3%. Taken together, this pH-tunable nanoparticle can be employed as a new generation treatment strategy to fight against the fast-growing MRSA infection.     

Guanidinoamidized linear polyethyleneimine for gene delivery

Guanidine was introduced to low molecular weight linear polyethyleneimine(LPEI) via amide groups, to explore the effect of both guanidine degree and pendant chain length on its transfection behavior. The resulting guanidinoamidized LPEIs(GLPEIs) could dramatically reduce LPEI's toxicity, enhance its DNA-packaging capability, cellular uptake and therefore transfection efficiency. These polyplexes were taken up very efficiently via caveolae-mediated endocytosis and their transfection efficiencies in ovarian cancer cells were significantly improved compared to native LPEI10 k polyplexes. Among these GLPEIs, LPEI-C3-G100 showed higher DNA affinity even than LPEI25 k and the highest transfection efficiency, probably due to the optimization of polymer chain flexibility. Of notice, LPEI-C3-G100 polyplexes could more effectively accumulate into cytoplasm than LPEI25 k, although the transfection efficiency of LPEI-C3-G100 polyplexes was not superior to that of LPEI25 k polyplexes, which would be probably attributed to the more efficient release of LPEI25 k polyplexes than LPEI-C3-G100 polyplexes in the cytoplasm.     

BC/CoNi2S4@PPy柔性复合电极材料的制备及电化学性能

本文采用溶剂热、原位聚合和真空抽滤相结合的方法制备了用于超级电容器的细菌纤维素/镍钴硫化物/聚吡咯(BC/CoNi₂S₄@PPy)柔性电极材料,通过X射线衍射、场发射扫描电镜、红外光谱、氮气吸脱附、拉伸强度和接触角表征了材料的形貌结构、组成、机械性能和亲水性,并采用循环伏安法和恒电流充放电测试了复合材料的电化学性能。结果表明,表面含氧官能团丰富的BC纤维网络结构对氧化还原活性物质CoNi₂S₄的生长和导电聚合物PPy的分布具有引导作用,CoNi₂S₄均匀分布在BC网络中,且PPy均匀包覆在BC纤维和CoNi₂S₄纳米球表面构成具有丰富孔隙结构的三维导电网络,使得该复合材料具有较好的机械性(抗拉强度达28.0±0.1 MPa)、亲水性(对6 mol·L^-1 KOH的瞬间接触角为43.6°)及良好的导电性。该电极材料在1 A·g^-1下比电容高达2670 F·g^-1,充放电循环10000次后比电容的保持率为82.73%,且经1000次反复弯曲后电化学性能保持不变。此外,将其与活性炭组成的非对称超级电容器,在1 A·g^-1下比电容为1428 F·g^-1,最高能量密度和功率密度分别达49.8 Wh·kg^-1和741.8 W·kg^-1。     

离子色谱法测定2-羧乙基苯基次膦酸中的氯离子

建立离子色谱法测定2-羧乙基苯基次膦酸中氯离子的含量。样品用超纯水溶解稀释,过0.22μm滤膜;选用SH–AC–2阴离子分离柱,以30 mmol/L Na OH溶液作为淋洗液,流量为1.0 m L/min,进样体积为50μL,以抑制电导检测器测定氯离子的含量。氯离子的质量浓度在0.01~1.00 mg/L范围内与色谱峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数为0.996,氯离子的检出限(S/N=3)为1.0μg/L。测定结果的相对标准偏差小于10%(n=6),样品加标回收率为94.7%~103.5%。该方法简便、快速且灵敏,可用于2-羧乙基苯基次膦酸中氯离子的测定。