Zur Fehlerermittlung bei der photometrischen Eisenbestimmung in Glassanden

Zusammenfassung Zur Bestimmung des Eisengehaltes in Glassanden eignet sich die o-Phenanthrolinmethode, da diese Methode frei ist von störenden Einflüssen der im Sand neben dem Eisen vorliegenden Fremdionen.Der Analysenfehler wird dabei aus den Eichmessungen nach den Methoden der Ausgleichsrechnung und mathematischen Statistik rechnerisch ermittelt und bei der Auswertung des Analysenergebnisses in geeigneter Form berücksichtigt.

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Summary For the determination of the iron content in glass sands the o-phenanthroline method is suitable because it is unaffected by foreign ions occuring in the sand besides iron.The analytical error is calculated from the calibrating measurements according to the methods of balancing computation and mathematical statistics, and is taken into account on interpreting the analytical result in a suitable form.

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Herrn Dr. Moritz danken wir für die Anregung zu dieser Arbeit, Herrn Dr.-Ing. habil. Klaus Doerffel für wertvolle Hinweise zur mathematischen Auswertung.     

Catalytic end-point detection in titrimetric analysis

In catalytic end-point detection, the first drop of titrant in excess is not used for a stoichiometric reaction with the indicator (as in conventional titrations) but acts as, or liberates, a catalyst for the indicator reaction. A very small excess of titrant thus suffices to catalyze large amounts of the indicator reaction mixture. Such catalytic end-points are therefore very sensitive. Terminology is discussed briefly. The various types of titration (direct, with a “brake”, reversed, indirect and substitution) and of end-point detection (visual, olfactory, photometric, thermometric and electrometric) are described. Applications of these techniques are summarized.     

Square-planar coordinated polyanions of palladium, platinum, and gold stannaborate [SnB11H11]2- coordination chemistry

The tetrasubstituted polyanions of platinum, palladium, and gold [M(SnB(11)H(11))(4)](x-) (x=6, M=Pd, Pt; x=5, M=Au) have been prepared and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR, Raman, (11)B, and (119)Sn heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy. In the case of the platinum derivative [Bu(3)MeN](6)[Pt(SnB(11)H(11))(4)] (2) (119)Sn M?ssbauer spectroscopy has been carried out. The isolated salts are stable towards moisture and air and the complexes 2 and 3 were treated with 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane (dppp) to give the respective substitution products [Bu(3)MeN](2)[(dppp)M(SnB(11)H(11))(2)] (M=Pd, Pt).     

Application of fluorescence reactions in the ring oven segment technique

Summary The ring oven segment technique already described earlier has been applied to the determination of ng- tog-amounts of organic and inorganic substances using fluorescence reactions. The methods proposed here are based either on self-fluorescence or on appearance or disappearance of fluorescence following a chemical reaction.

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Anwendung von Fluoreszenzreaktionen in der Ringofen-Segmenttechnik

Zusammenfassung Die bereits früher beschriebene Ringofen-Segmenttechnik wurde auf die Bestimmung organischer und anorganischer Substanzen im ng- bisg-Bereich mit Hilfe von Fluoreszenzreaktionen angewendet. Die hier vorgeschlagenen Methoden beruhen entweder auf Eigenfluoreszenz oder aber auf der Bildung bzw. dem Verschwinden von Fluoreszenz nach einer chemischen Reaktion.

     

Catalytic-kinetic absorptiostat technique with the indigo carmine—hydrogen peroxide reaction as the indicator reaction

The absorptiostat method previously described is used for the catalytic-kinetic determination of sulphur compounds (sulphide, thioacetamide. thiourea and thiosulphate) in the micromolar range by means of their catalytic action for the indigo carmine—hydrogen peroxide indicator reaction. The thiosulphate catalyst is activated by iron(III) or aluminium(III); aluminium(III) is deactivated by fluoride. On this basis, iron(III) is determined in the ng range, and aluminium(III) and fluoride in the μg range.     

Hexaphenylditetrels – When Longer Bonds Provide Higher Stability

We present a computational analysis of hexaphenylethane derivatives with heavier tetrels comprising the central bond. In stark contrast to parent hexaphenylethane, the heavier tetrel derivatives can readily be prepared. In order to determine the origin of their apparent thermodynamic stability against dissociation as compared to the carbon case, we employed local energy decomposition analysis (LED) and symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) at the DLPNO-CCSD(T)/def2-TZVP and sSAPT0/def2-TZVP levels of theory. We identified London dispersion (LD) interactions as the decisive factor for the molecular stability of heavier tetrel derivatives. This stability is made possible owing to the longer (than C−C) central bonds that move the phenyl groups out of the heavily repulsive regime so they can optimally benefit from LD interactions.     

Development of a method to determine albendazole and its metabolites in the muscle tissue of yellow perch using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

An HPLC method was developed for the determination of albendazole (ABZ) and its metabolites, a sulfoxide (ABZSO), a sulfone (ABZSO2), and albendazole-2-aminosulfone (ABZ-2-NH2SO2), from yellow perch muscle tissue with adhering skin. The muscle tissue samples were made alkaline with potassium carbonate and extracted with ethyl acetate, followed by a series of liquid-liquid extraction steps. After solvent evaporation, the residue was reconstituted in the initial mobile phase combination of the gradient. The mobile phase consisted of a buffer, 50 mM ammonium acetate (pH = 4.0) in 10% methanol-water, and 100% acetonitrile. The gradient was from 20% acetonitrile to 85% acetonitrile. The analytes were chromatographed on an RP Luna C18(2) column and detected by fluorescence with excitation and emission wavelengths of 290 and 330 nm, respectively. The average recoveries from fortified muscle tissue for ABZ (20-100 ppb), ABZ-SO (20-200 ppb), ABZSO2 (8-100 ppb), and ABZ-2-NH2SO2 (20-100 ppb) were 85, 95, 101, and 86%, respectively, with corresponding CV values of 9, 3, 6, and 4%, respectively. Their LOQ values were 10, 10, 1, and 10 ppb, respectively. The procedure was applied to determine ABZ and its major metabolites in the incurred muscle tissue of yellow perch obtained after orally dosing the fish with ABZ.     

Activation of C-H bonds in hydrocarbons by the adduct of activated charcoal with potassium

Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, p. 1214, May, 1989.