The molecular structure and conformation of carvone, a compound with a minty odor, were investigated by means of gas electron diffraction supported by theoretical calculations. Electron diffraction patterns were recorded by heating the nozzle up to 128 °C to obtain enough scattering intensity. The infrared spectrum was also measured by using an absorption cell with a path length of 10 m. The obtained molecular scattering intensities were analyzed with the aid of theoretical calculations and infrared spectroscopy. It was revealed that the experimental data are well reproduced by assuming that carvone consists of a mixture of three conformers that have the isopropenyl group in the equatorial position and mutually differ in the torsional angle around the single bond connecting the ring and the isopropenyl group. It was also found that the puckering amplitude of the ring of carvone is close to those of menthol and isomenthol, a minty compound and its nonminty isomer. The determined structural parameters (rg and ∠α) of the most abundant conformer of carvone are as follows: 〈r(C-C)〉=1.520(3) Å; 〈r(CC)〉=1.360(5) Å; r(CO)=1.225(5) Å; 〈r(C-H)〉=1.104(4)Å; 〈∠CC-C〉=121.1(5)°; 〈∠C-C-C〉=110.4(5)°; ∠C-CO-C=117.1(14)°; 〈∠C-C-H〉=111.1(13)°. Angle brackets denote average values and parenthesized values are the estimated limits of error (3σ) referring to the last significant digit. 相似文献
A [2]rotaxane capped by a beta-cyclodextrin and a 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl group has been prepared by dissolving 6-aminocinnamoyl beta-cyclodextrin in water with 1-adamantane carboxylic acid and complexation with alpha-cyclodextrin followed by the reaction with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid sodium salt. The [2]rotaxane has been found to form supramolecular polymers by host-guest interactions. 相似文献
During the search for polyketide synthase (PKS) in the genome of Streptomyces halstedii HC34, we found clustered new genes which appeared to encode typical Type 1 PKSs beyond the cluster harboring the genes for the biosynthesis of antitumor antibiotic vicenistatin. The deduced domain configuration of these putative PKS genes allowed to predict a corresponding partial structure of polyketide, which was in turn materialized by isolation of new polyketide macrolactone halstoctacosanolides A and B from the fermentation broth of S. halstedii HC34. The structures of these metabolites were determined by spectroscopic means to have a novel 28-membered macrolactone structure. The partial structure deduced from the genetic data was completely compatible to the structures of halstoctacosanolides A and B. This success clearly demonstrates the present new approach of genome-inspired search for new antibiotics promising. Halstoctacosanolides A and B showed moderate antimicrobial activity against several microorganisms. 相似文献
Chitosan was partially N‐acylated by treatment with n‐fatty acid anhydrides in a homogeneous solution in 2 vol.‐% aqueous acetic acid‐methanol (1:2 v/v). The degree of substitution (d.s.) for N‐acyl groups in the water‐soluble N‐acylchitosan derivatives was in the range of 0.42–0.82 for N‐acetyl, 0.37–0.76 for N‐propionyl, 0.52–0.71 for N‐butyryl and 0.54–0.64 for N‐pentanoyl and ca. 0.58 for N‐hexanoyl, respectively.
The use of donor–π–acceptor (D–π–A) skeletons is an effective strategy for the design of fluorophores with red-shifted emission. In particular, the use of amino and boryl moieties as the electron-donating and -accepting groups, respectively, can produce dyes that exhibit high fluorescence and solvatochromism. Herein, we introduce a dithienophosphole P-oxide scaffold as an acceptor–spacer to produce a boryl- and amino-substituted donor–acceptor–acceptor (D–A–A) π-system. The thus obtained fluorophores exhibit emission in the near-infrared (NIR) region, while maintaining high fluorescence quantum yields even in polar solvents (e.g. λem = 704 nm and ΦF = 0.69 in CH3CN). A comparison of these compounds with their formyl- or cyano-substituted counterparts demonstrated the importance of the boryl group for generating intense emission. The differences among these electron-accepting substituents were examined in detail using theoretical calculations, which revealed the crucial role of the boryl group in lowering the nonradiative decay rate constant by decreasing the non-adiabatic coupling in the internal conversion process. The D–A–A framework was further fine-tuned to improve the photostability. One of these D–A–A dyes was successfully used in bioimaging to visualize the blood vessels of Japanese medaka larvae and mouse brain.Combination of electron-accepting diarylboryl terminal groups and dithienophosphole oxide spacers with electron-donating triarylamine moieties produces donor–acceptor–acceptor type π-systems, which exhibit emissions in the near-infrared region.相似文献
Fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, and iodocyclopropane derivatives were obtained in 10–80% yields by the reaction of FCHI2, ClCHI2, BrCHI2, and CHI3, respectively, with Cu in the presence of olefins. The reaction was electrophilic, and proceeded stereospecifically, i.e., cis and trans olefins afforded cyclopropane derivatives whose configurations with respect to the substituents from original olefins were cis and trans, respectively. Since isomeric olefins were not detected in the reaction mixture which would be expected from the insertion of the corresponding free monohalocarbenes into C—H bonds, the reaction seemed to proceed via organocopper intermediates rather than free monohalocarbenes. With respect to the configuration of the halogen introduced by the new reaction, the cis or endo isomers were generally obtained predominantly over the corresponding trans or exo isomers. 相似文献
has been determined by gas electron diffraction (GED) combined with microwave (MW) spectroscopic data. Ab initio calculations at the HF/3–21G* level were carried out and used as structural constraints in the data analysis. The torsional vibration of the methyl group was treated as a large-amplitude motion. The structural parameters were determined to be: rg(S---C2) = 1.719(2) Å, rg(C2=C3) = 1.370(3) Å, rg(C3---C6) = 1.497(6) Å, rg(C2---H) = 1.101(5) Å, CSC = 91.6(2)°, SC2C3 = 113.3(5)°, SC5C4 = 111.3(3)°, C2C3C6 = 123.2(11)° and C3C6H = 112(2)°. The values of r(S---C2) − r(S---C5) and r(C2=C3) − r(C4=C5) were fixed at the 3–21G* value of 0.002Å. Parenthesized values are the estimated limits of error (3σ) referring to the last significant digit. 相似文献
The molecular structure of 3-methylthiophene
has been determined by gas electron diffraction (GED) combined with microwave (MW) spectroscopic data. Ab initio calculations at the HF/3–21G* level were carried out and used as structural constraints in the data analysis. The torsional vibration of the methyl group was treated as a large-amplitude motion. The structural parameters were determined to be: rg(S---C2) = 1.719(2) Å, rg(C2=C3) = 1.370(3) Å, rg(C3---C6) = 1.497(6) Å, rg(C2---H) = 1.101(5) Å, CSC = 91.6(2)°, SC2C3 = 113.3(5)°, SC5C4 = 111.3(3)°, C2C3C6 = 123.2(11)° and C3C6H = 112(2)°. The values of r(S---C2) - r(S=C5) and r(C2=C3)-r(C4 =C5) were fixed at the 3–21G* value of 0.002 Å. Parenthesized values are the estimated limits of error (3σ) referring to the last significant digit. 相似文献
Metallic Na was formed in/on NaCl single crystals by irradiating them with a variety of radiation sources, namely, 21 MeV electron pulses, an electron beam of 30 keV and photon fluxes in the VUV region. The physical states were analysed using several methods, optical absorption, lifetime measurement of positron annihilation, Auger electron spectroscopy and UV photoelectron spectroscopy. Metallic Na was obtained in different physical states; clusters were formed in bulk, thin layers (islands) and thick layers on the surface. 相似文献