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1.
A perturbation analysis is presented for the steady-state radial flow of a third-order fluid between two parallel disks. The
results include previous perturbation analyses in which various other rheological models were used. The pressure drop needed
to maintain the radial flow is less than that for the Newtonian creeping-flow solution because of fluid inertia and shear-thinning
viscosity, whereas the normal stresses have the opposite effect. Possible use of the “radial flow viscometer” for experimental
evaluation of second-order constants is also discussed. Finally, molecular stretching in the flow system is examined using
the elastic dumbbell model for a polymer molecule. 相似文献
2.
Experimental results on the reaction of the near wall turbulence and drag to a localized time periodical blowing are reported.
The injection velocity is periodical and dissymmetric in time, with a rapid acceleration phase followed by a slow deceleration
one. The flow is relaminarized during 70% of the oscillation period mainly during the deceleration phase. The latter maintains
stable the vorticity layer induced by the blowing and prevents its roll-up contrarily to a sinusoidal time periodical blowing.
Thus, a time mean drag reduction of 50% is obtained in the region recovering 200 wall units downstream of the blowing slot
and this is 40% larger than the drag reduction obtained by a steady blowing with the same time mean severity parameter. The
dissymmetric blowing annihilates considerably the wall turbulence activity and gives better results in terms of drag reduction
compared with steady and sinusoidal blowing.
相似文献
Sedat F. TarduEmail: |
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Kinetics and Catalysis - In this study, Langmuir–Hinshelwood and Michaelis–Menten kinetic models are applied to describe the kinetic behaviour of the Co–B catalyst in the... 相似文献
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Palladium(II)‐N‐heterocyclic carbene complexes: synthesis,characterization and catalytic application 下载免费PDF全文
N‐Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are of great importance and are powerful ligands for transition metals. A new series of sterically hindered benzimidazole‐based NHC ligands (LHX) ( 2a , 2b , 2c , 2d , 2e , 2f ), silver–NHC complexes ( 3a , 3b , 3c , 3d , 3e , 3f ) and palladium–NHC complexes ( 4a , 4b , 4c , 4d , 4e , 4f ) have been synthesized and characterized using appropriate spectroscopic techniques. Studies have focused on the development of a more efficient catalytic system for the Suzuki coupling reaction of aryl chlorides. Catalytic performance of Pd–NHC complexes and in situ prepared Pd(OAc)2/LHX catalysts has been investigated for the Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction under mild reaction conditions in aqueous N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF). These complexes smoothly catalyzed the Suzuki–Miyaura reactions of electron‐rich and electron‐poor aryl chlorides. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Selma Bal Sedat Salih Bal Abdullah Erener Hatice Nur Halipci Seyhan Akar 《Chemical Papers》2014,68(3):352-361
Four water soluble azo dyes, 4-(isopropyl)-2-[(E)-(4-chlorophenyl)diazenyl]phenol (L 1), 4-(isopropyl)-2-[(E)-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)diazenyl]phenol (L2), 4-(sec-butyl)-2-[(E)-(4-chlorophenyl) diazenyl]phenol (L 3), 4-(sec-butyl)-2-[(E)-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)diazenyl]phenol (L 4), and their Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized using spectroscopic methods. Examination of their thermal stability revealed similar decomposition temperature of approximately 260–300°C and that they were more thermally stable than their metal complexes. Ni(II) complexes of ligands L2 and L4 were more stable than the other coordination compounds. Among the synthesized ligands, L2 and the complexes Cu(L3)2 and Ni(L4)2 showed both antimicrobial and antifungal activity. However, the other ligands and the complexes were poorly active against selected microorganisms. 相似文献
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Michelle Co Camilla Zettersten Leif Nyholm Per J.R. Sjöberg Charlotta Turner 《Analytica chimica acta》2012
Experiments with birch bark samples have been carried to enable a distinction between extraction and degradation effects during pressurised hot water extraction. Two samples, E80 and E180, contained birch bark extracts obtained after extraction at 80 and 180 °C for up to 45 min, respectively. Two other samples, P80 and P180, were only extracted for 5 min at the two temperatures and were thereafter filtered and hydrothermally treated at 80 and 180 °C, respectively. During the latter treatment, samples were collected at different times to assess the stability of the extracted compounds. An offline DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay, as well as a high performance liquid chromatographic separation coupled to an electrochemical detector, were used to determine the antioxidant capacity of the processed samples. The results obtained with the different techniques were compared to assess the yield of the extraction and degradation processes. In addition, an online hyphenated system comprising high performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode-array; electrochemical; and tandem mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-ECD-MS/MS) was used to study the compositions of the extracts in more detail. The results for the samples processed at 80 °C showed that the extraction reached a steady-state already after 5 min, and that the extracted compounds were stable throughout the entire extraction process. Processing at 180 °C, on the other hand, gave rise to partly degraded extracts with a multitude of peaks in both the diode array and electrochemical detectors, and a higher antioxidant capacity compared to for the extracts obtained at 80 °C. It is concluded that HPLC-DAD-ECD is a more appropriate technique for the determination of antioxidants than the DPPH assay. The mass spectrometric results indicate that one of the extracted antioxidants, catechin, was isomerised to its diastereoisomers; (+)-catechin, (−)-catechin, (+)-epicatechin, and (−)-epicatechin. 相似文献