Finite-Dimensional Simple Leibniz Pairs and Simple Poisson Modules

Simple modules over the Leibniz pairs are studied. Simple Poisson modules over Poisson algebras of the semisimple associative algebra structure are determined and they are nothing but simple bimodules over simple associative algebras with standard noncommutative Poisson algebra structure.     

Asymmetric michael addition of aromatic thiols to 2-cyclohexenone and maleic acid esters via formation of crystalline cyclodextrin complexes

The asymmetric Michael addition of aromatic thiols to 2-cyclohexenone and maleic acid esters has been carried out by utilizing their crystalline cyclodextrin complexes suspended in water. The best chiral induction, 30% enantiomeric excess (ee), was achieved in combinations of 2-cyclohexenone and octyl maleate with the crystalline -cyclodextrin complex of benzenethiol (method A) to afford (S)-3-phenylthiocyclohexanone and (S)-octyl-2-phenylthiosuccinate, respectively, whereas the reaction of benzenethiol with 2-cyclohexenone included in -cyclodextrin (method B) inversely induced the chiral recognition to give the (R)-adduct with 4–9% ee.     

Hydrogen analysis in solid samples by utilizing He metastable atoms induced by TEA CO2 laser plasma in He gas at 1 atm

A TEA CO₂ laser (350 mJ–1.5 J, 10.6 μm, 200 ns, 10 Hz) was focused onto a metal sub-target under He as host gas at 1 atmospheric pressure with a small amount of impurity gas, such as water and ethanol vapors. It was found that the TEA CO₂ laser with the help of the metal sub-target is favorable for generating a strong, large volume helium gas breakdown plasma at 1 atmospheric pressure, in which the helium metastable-excited state was then produced overwhelmingly. While the metal sub-target itself was never ablated. The helium metastable-excited state produced after the strong helium gas breakdown plasma was considered to play an important role in exciting the atoms. This was confirmed by the specific characteristics of the detected H emission, namely the strong intensity with low background, narrow spectral width, and the long lifetime. This technique can be used for gas and solid samples analysis. For nonmetal solid analysis, a metal mesh was introduced in front of the nonmetal sample surface to help initiation of the helium gas breakdown plasma. For metal sample, analysis can be carried out by combining the TEA CO₂ laser and an Nd–YAG laser where the Nd–YAG laser is used to ablate the metal sample. The ablated atoms from the metal sample are then sent into the region of helium gas breakdown plasma induced by the TEA CO₂ laser to be excited through the helium metastable-excited state. This technique can be extended to the analysis of other elements, not limited only to hydrogen, such as halogens.     

Selective Formation of Spinel Iron Oxide in Thin Films by Complexing Agent-Assisted Sol-Gel Processing

The structure of iron oxide was controlled by regulating the hydrolytic polymerization of aquo iron complexes with organic polydentate ligands such as diols. Iron oxides were prepared by calcining the precursor polymers obtained from iron nitrate nonahydrate and diols. When the diols were 1,2-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2-octanediol, α-Fe₂O₃ with corundum structure appeared exclusively or as the main crystalline phase, in spite of the amount of diol used and the calcination temperature. In the case of 1,2-decanediol and 1,2-dodecanediol, when five moles of the diols were used to one mole of iron nitrate and the calcination temperatures were below 400°C, ψ-Fe₂O₃ with spinel structure appeared as the main phase and, when less than five moles of the diols were used, α-Fe₂O₃ appeared exclusively or as the main phase, irrespective of the calcination temperature. This tendency was also observed in thin films. Thus, a transparent magnetic film composed of γ-Fe₂O₃ could be prepared by applying a benzene solution of the iron polymer, obtained with 5 equivalents of 1,2-decanediol, on quartz and calcining the gel film at 350°C.     

Recent progress of high-power negative ion beam development for fusion plasma heating

A negative-ion-based neutral beam injector (N-NBI) has been constructed for JT-60U. The N-NBI is designed to inject 500 keV, 10 MW neutral beams using two ion sources, each producing a 500 keV, 22 A D⁻ ion beam. In the preliminary experiment using one ion source, a D⁻ ion beam of 13.5 A has been successfully accelerated with an energy of 400 keV (5.4 MW) for 0.12 s at an operating pressure of 0.22 Pa. This is the highest D⁻ beam current and power in the world. Co-extracted electron current was effectively suppressed to the ratio of Ie/I_D⁻ < 1. The highest energy beam of 460 keV, 2.4 A, 0.44 s has also been obtained. To realize 1 MeV class NBI system for ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor), demonstration of ampere class negative ion beam acceleration up to 1 MeV is an important mile stone. To achieve the mile stone, a prototype accelerator and a 1 MV, 1 A test facility called MeV Test Facility (MTF) were constructed. Up to now, an H⁻ ion beam was accelerated up to the energy of 805 keV with an acceleration drain current of 150 mA for 1 s in a five stage electrostatic multi-aperture accelerator.     

Rhenium complex-catalyzed allylation of aldehydes with allyltributylstannane

It was confirmed that the rhenium complex, ReBr(CO)₅, catalyzed the allylation of aldehydes with allyltributylstannane to give the corresponding homoallylic alcohols in moderate to good yields. Similarly, the reaction of aldehydes with enol silyl ether was efficiently promoted by the rhenium catalyst to afford the corresponding β-hydroxy carbonyl compounds.     

Copolymerization of vinylsilanes with styrene

New vinylsilanes (M₂), i. e. phenylvinylsilane (I), allylmethylsilane (II), allylphenylsilane (III), and p-vinylphenylmethylsilane (IV), were prepared and copolymerized with styrene (M₁). The monomer reactivity ratios were r₁ = 5.7 and r₂ = 0, r₁ = 36 and r₂ = 0, r₁ = 29 and r₂ = 0₁, and r₁ = 0.91 and r₂ = 1.1, respectively. From the results of infrared and NMR spectra it was indicated that the vinylsilanes participated in copolymerization in the form of a vinyl type of polymerization and not in the form of a hydrogen-transfer type of polymerization. The reaction of copolymer with alcohols and methyl methacrylate and appropriate catalysts was investigated.     

A periodic first principle study to design microporous crystal 12MO, 7Al2O3 for selective and active O radicals encaging

Periodic first principle calculation correlates the role of metal substitution (Sr and Ba in place of Ca) on selective encaging of active O⁻ radicals inside the microporous 12MO, 7Al₂O₃ crystal structure. We have exchanged Ca by Sr and Ba and as well extracted electron stepwise to monitor selectivity of different anion encaging inside the same structure type. Ca favors O²⁻ encaging and shows no electron transition when neutral, whereas Sr shows no transition in absence of unpaired electron and can successfully trap O⁻, Ba though less active than the other metal substituents shows oxygen encaging at its zero and mono-positive state.     

Effect of Organic Ligands Used in Sol-Gel Process on the Formation of Mullite

The preparation of mullite by the sol-gel method using organic polydentate ligands and the effect of the raw materials and organic polydentate ligands on the formation of mullite were investigated. Two series of samples were prepared using tetraethoxyorthosilicate (TEOS) and aluminum nitrate nonahydrate, or dibutoxyethylacetoacetatoaluminum (Al(OBu)₂(AcAcEt)) as the silica and alumina sources, respectively, and using ethylene glycol (EG), 1,3-propanediol (PD), 1,3-butanediol (BD), 2-methyl-2, 4-pentanediol (MPD), diethlene glycol monoethyl ether (DEME) and ethoxyethanol as the ligands. When the alumina source was aluminum nitrate nonahydrate, mullite was apt to appear in the order of EG>PD>MPD. When Al(OBu)₂(AcAcEt) was the alumina source, the tendency toward the appearance of mullite crystalline phase was EG>BD>DEME>MPD. Between the two alumina sources, aluminum nitrate nonahydrate gave mullite much easier than Al(OBu)₂(AcAcEt). These relationships were discussed from the viewpoints of the coordination ability of the ligands and the miscibility between the silica and alumina.