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1.
The influence of wall heat loss on the emission characteristics of ammonia-air swirling flames has been investigated employing Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence imaging of OH radicals and Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometry of the exhaust gases in combustors with insulated and uninsulated walls over a range of equivalence ratios, ?, and pressures up to 0.5 MPa. Strong influence of wall heat loss on the flames led to quenching of the flame front near the combustor wall at 0.1 MPa, resulting in large unburned NH3 emissions, and inhibited the stabilization of flames in the outer recirculating zone (ORZ). A decrease in heat loss effects with an increase in pressure promoted extension of the fuel-rich stabilization limit owing to increased recirculation of H2 from NH3 decomposition in the ORZ. The influence of wall heat loss resulted in emission trends that contradict already reported trends in literature. NO emissions were found to be substantially low while unburned NH3 and N2O emissions were high at fuel-lean conditions during single-stage combustion, with values such as 55 ppmv of NO, 580 ppmv of N2O and 4457 ppmv of NH3 at ? = 0.8. In addition, the response of the flame to wall heat loss as pressure increased was more important than the effects of pressure on fuel-NO emission, thereby leading to an increase in NO emission with pressure. It was found that a reduction in wall heat loss or a sufficiently long fluid residence time in the primary combustion zone is necessary for efficient control of NH3 and N2O emissions in two-stage rich-lean ammonia combustors, the latter being more effective for N2O in addition to NO control. This study demonstrates that the influence of wall heat loss should not be ignored in emissions measurements in NH3-air combustion, and also advances the understanding of previous studies on ammonia micro gas turbines.  相似文献   
2.
Numerical Algorithms - In this paper, we propose an infeasible arc-search interior-point algorithm for solving nonlinear programming problems. Most algorithms based on interior-point methods are...  相似文献   
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4.
A novel 2,6-anthrylene-linked bis(m-terphenylcarboxylic acid) strand ( 1 ) self-associates into a racemic double-helix. In the presence of chiral mono- and diamines, either a right- or left-handed double-helix was predominantly induced by chiral amines sandwiched between the carboxylic acid strands with accompanying stacking of the two prochiral anthracene linker units in an enantiotopic face-selective way, as revealed by circular dichroism and NMR spectral analyses. The photoirradiation of the optically active double helices complexed with chiral amines proceeded in a diastereo- (anti or syn) and enantiodifferentiating way to afford the chiral anti-photodimer with up to 98 % enantiomeric excess when (R)-phenylethylamine was used as a chiral double-helix inducer. The resulting optically active anti-photodimer can recognize the chirality of amines and diastereoselectively complex with chiral amines.  相似文献   
5.
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - To assess the capability of Kyoto University Research Reactor to supply the domestic needs of medical isotopes, its neutron flux has been fully...  相似文献   
6.
We developed an environmentally friendly method for aerobic oxidation of alcohols using a commercially available, relatively benign bismuth salt as a catalyst. We found that the catalytic combination of BiBr3 with nitric acid is key for enhancing the reactivity. The reaction proceeds well under air, making the use of pure oxygen unnecessary. Each of the primary or secondary alcohols tested was oxidized to the corresponding aldehydes or ketones using this protocol.  相似文献   
7.
A pincer‐iridium complex bearing a Lewis‐base‐free X‐type alumanyl ligand has been synthesized. X‐ray diffraction, NMR and IR spectroscopy, as well as XANES analysis confirmed its tetrahydrido‐IrV structure and Lewis acidity at the Al center as supported by DFT calculations. The resulting complex was applied as a catalyst for the transfer dehydrogenation of cyclooctane.  相似文献   
8.
The skeletons of some classes of terpenoids are unusual in that they contain a larger number of Me groups (or their biosynthetic equivalents such as olefinic methylene groups, hydroxymethyl groups, aldehydes, or carboxylic acids and their derivatives) than provided by their oligoprenyl diphosphate precursor. This is sometimes the result of an oxidative ring‐opening reaction at a terpene‐cyclase‐derived molecule containing the regular number of Me group equivalents, as observed for picrotoxan sesquiterpenes. In this study a sesquiterpene cyclase from Trichoderma spp. is described that can convert farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) directly via a remarkable skeletal rearrangement into trichobrasilenol, a new brasilane sesquiterpene with one additional Me group equivalent compared to FPP. A mechanistic hypothesis for the formation of the brasilane skeleton is supported by extensive isotopic labelling studies.  相似文献   
9.
Ethylene/polyene analogues composed of heavier group 14 elements, such as silicon and germanium, do not prefer a planar structure. In the repulsion dominant (RD) model of our previous study mainly focusing on the planarity of hexasilabenzene, it was demonstrated that electron repulsion promotes nonplanarization of heavy benzene analogues. In this study, we have investigated a correlation between intramolecular π-electron transfers (polarization effect) and planarity in various linear unsaturated compounds in order to deepen the RD model. Herein, it was revealed that the ability to hold π-electrons in the planar molecular structure is characteristic of each element. For example, carbon can hold more than one π-electron, whereas silicon and germanium cannot tolerate even one π-electron to keep the planar structure. Thus, π-accepting substituents on the heavy atom were found to make the heavy ethylenes and linear polyenes planar by controlling the number of π-electrons on each skeletal atom.  相似文献   
10.
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