Modal analysis of wingtip vortices by means of Proper Orthogonal Decomposition

This paper discusses the influence of different wingtip geometries on the first eigenmodes of wingtip vortices. With the use of Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) of a turbulent velocity field, a modal decomposition of coherent structures, high energetic eigenmodes are determined. Based on the results found by Fabre et al. [1], these eigenmodes may be a key factor for the stability analysis. (© 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Experimental investigation of the effect of aircraft trailing vortices on roofs

Roofs of buildings in the vicinity of airports can be damaged by trailing vortices of aircraft during take-off and landing. Preliminary experimental investigations have been conducted in a water towing tank in order to examine a discrepancy between damage probability assumptions and actual roof damage frequency. (© 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Numerical investigation of vortex roll-up processes using different wingtip shapes

Vortex roll-up processes of different generic wingtip shapes are investigated using the DLR TAU flow solver in combination with a Reynolds Stress Model. In contrast to a non-rounded layout an elliptical rounding of the wingtip planform leads to multiple vortices at the wingtip and results in an axial velocity deficit in the vortex core further downstream. (© 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

On the derivation and comparative analysis of large rotation shell theories

Summary For the geometrically nonlinear first approximation theory of elastic shells three energy-consistent large rotation shell variants are constructed. The governing shell equations are derived as Euler-Lagrange equations of an associated variational principle of stationary total potential energy. The numerical applicability is considered for a highly nonlinear shell problem. To incorporate the presented theories into the frame of shell models published in the literature a comparative analysis is carried out for a large number of shell equations.

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Zur Herleitung und vergleichenden Untersuchung von Schalentheorien für große Rotationen

Übersicht Im Rahmen der geometrisch-nichtlinearen ersten Schalenapproximation werden drei energiekonsistente Schalentheorien für große Rotationen hergeleitet. Die Schalengleichungen werden als Euler-Lagrange Gleichungen eines zugehörigen Variationsprinzips vom stationären Wert der potentiellen Gesamtenergie hergeleitet. Die numerische Anwendbarkeit wird anhand eines stark-nichtlinearen Schalenbeispiels nachgewiesen. Um die in dieser Arbeit hergeleiteten Theorien entsprechend einordnen zu können, wird für eine größere Zahl von in der Literatur angegebenen Schalengleichungen eine vergleichende Untersuchung mit numerischer Auswertung durchgeführt.

     

Unified Approach to Modeling of Generation of High- and Low-Frequency Spectrum Components under Ionization of a Dielectric Medium by a Few-Cycle Pulse

It is shown that the model of interaction of high-power few-cycle optical pulses with media, which is based on the density matrix formalism, is capable of simultaneously considering generation of longwave radiation in the infrared and terahertz range and describing the broadening of the radiation spectrum into the high-frequency region. The results of the mathematical modeling are compared to the known experimental data.     

Systematic event generator tuning for the LHC

In this article we describe Professor, a new program for tuning model parameters of Monte Carlo event generators to experimental data by parameterising the per-bin generator response to parameter variations and numerically optimising the parameterised behaviour. Simulated experimental analysis data is obtained using the Rivet analysis toolkit. This paper presents the Professor procedure and implementation, illustrated with the application of the method to tunes of the Pythia 6 event generator to data from the LEP/SLD and Tevatron experiments. These tunes are substantial improvements on existing standard choices, and are recommended as base tunes for LHC experiments, to be themselves systematically improved upon when early LHC data is available.     

Color-Changing Sparks from Rare Earth Metal Powders

Commonly, sparks emit light according to the well-known black (gray) body radiation. Recently, we reported on color-changing sparks based on erbium powder, which switch their light emission between black body emission (surface combustion) and element-specific emission (vapor phase combustion). Herein, we investigated the spark formation from the adjacent rare-earth elements. The corresponding boiling points are significantly below (Yb, Sm, Tm) or above (Y, Lu) the boiling point of Er. While Yb and Sm evaporate too fast to form longer sparks, Y, Lu and Tm form color-changing sparks with varying length of the element-specific emission phase. The sparks were investigated by time-resolved emission spectroscopy, long-time exposures, and NIR/MIR imaging. The same basic pyrotechnic formulation containing one of these metal powders reveals a strongly differing burning behavior depending on the boiling point of the metal. The burning characteristics change from a green strobe (Yb) to intense colorful crackling (Tm) and finally a sparkling fountain with long-flying sparks (Lu, Y, Er).     

Resolving Sphingolipid Isomers Using Cryogenic Infrared Spectroscopy

1‐Deoxysphingolipids are a recently described class of sphingolipids that have been shown to be associated with several disease states including diabetic and hereditary neuropathy. The identification and characterization of 1‐deoxysphingolipids and their metabolites is therefore highly important. However, exact structure determination requires a combination of sophisticated analytical techniques due to the presence of various isomers, such as ketone/alkenol isomers, carbon–carbon double‐bond (C=C) isomers and hydroxylation regioisomers. Here we demonstrate that cryogenic gas‐phase infrared (IR) spectroscopy of ionized 1‐deoxysphingolipids enables the identification and differentiation of isomers by their unique spectroscopic fingerprints. In particular, C=C bond positions and stereochemical configurations can be distinguished by specific interactions between the charged amine and the double bond. The results demonstrate the power of gas‐phase IR spectroscopy to overcome the challenge of isomer resolution in conventional mass spectrometry and pave the way for deeper analysis of the lipidome.     

Heterometallic 3d–4f coordination polymers: Synthesis,characterization and magnetic properties of 1D zigzag chains containing samarium and terbium

Reaction of the copper precursor [Cu(MeOsaltn)(H₂O)] (H₂MeOsaltn = N,N′-bis(3-methoxysalicylidene)-1,3-diaminopropane) with Ln(NO₃)₃·6H₂O (Ln = Sm and Tb) and pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (H₂pyrdic) results in the formation of 1D zigzag chains with the general formula of [Cu(MeOsaltn)Ln(NO₃)(pyrdic)]_n·nDMF. X-ray crystal structures reveal that the samarium and terbium compounds are isostructural and crystalize in the orthorhombic space group Pbcn. The chains are composed of heterodinuclear copper–lanthanide building blocks which are linked by the pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylate bridging units. Temperature-dependent susceptibility measurements indicate antiferromagnetic exchange interactions for the samarium–copper chain whereas for the terbium–copper compound ferromagnetic interactions are observed.