相对性区域创新指数与经济周期挖掘

提出了一类新的相对性区域创新指数,并采用世界专利申请数据对其进行了具体计算.基于区域创新同经济发展水平之间的超线性关系,该指数消除了经济发展水平对创新能力的影响,可以实现对不同发展水平的经济体之间进行有效的创新能力横纵对比.该创新指数尽管极其简单,却揭示出一系列迥异于传统认知的现象,例如中国大陆地区的技术创新能力在1980年代就已经位居世界前列.采用该指数,不但可以在较高水平上解释世界各国的经济增长,还发现它同经济增长率之间的相关性存在一个20年的经济周期.这些结果显示,该指数作为一个单一性指标,以极小的数据依赖就实现了较高程度的解释性,不但重新定位了世界各经济体的创新能力,对深入理解创新同经济发展之间的关系提供了新的角度,而且暗示着这类相对性经济指标的发展潜力与应用空间.     

DNB引出束流功率及剖面分布测量

 利用束流截止板热量计原理，测量了诊断中性束(DNB)注入托卡马克的束流功率及束流剖面分布。基于热量截止板上正交分布的13只K型热电偶探针测量出DNB引出束流，在加速极电源49 kV，6 A，100 ms的脉冲放电时，采样铜靶上的最高温升为14 ℃，从而计算出注入束流功率达到160 kW并得到束剖面分布。同时通过对热量截止板冷却循环水温升测量值在时间上的积分数值计算，也获得了注入束流总功率，为130 kW。分析了两种测量结果存在差异的原因，实验结果表明惯性束截止板热量计方法是测量粒子束流功率及剖面分布的有效手段。     

Advantage of populous countries in the trends of innovation efficiency

A flurry of studies indicates that population size has a positive effect on innovation, however, cross-country empirical evidence remains sparse. In this paper, we add to the literature by investigating the relationship between population size and innovation efficiency at the country level through constructing three relative indexes based on the datasets of patent applications and Research and Development (R&D) investment. Different from previous studies based on absolute innovation indicators, the relative indexes can reflect the core innovation efficiency of economies by excluding the impact from the difference of economic development level, with a view putting all economies into a comparable standard framework. For all of the three relative indexes, their long-term trends show significant correlations with population size, and the economy with a larger population usually has better and stable performance on the trends of innovation efficiency. In addition, we find that there is a critical population size, over which the economy would be more likely to have a spontaneous improvement on innovation efficiency. This study provides direct evidence in supporting the population size advantage on the trends of innovation efficiency at the economy level and provides new insight to understand the rapid development of innovation in a few populous countries.     

Heavy-Tailed Statistics in Short-Message Communication

Short-message （SM） is one of the most frequently used communication channels in modern society. Based on the SM communication records provided by some volunteers, we investigate the statistics of SM communication pattern, including the inter-event time distributions between two consecutive short messages and two conversations, and the distribution of message number contained in a complete conversation. In the individual level, the empirical result raises strong evidence that the human activity pattern, exhibiting a heavy-tailed inter-event time distribution, is driven by a non-Poisson process.     

Quasi Scale-Free Parameter Networks of Ion Source Experiments

We study some parameter networks of ion source adjustment experiments and find quasi-scale-free characters.Their nodes are parameter settings of every discharge and connected by each of adjacent discharge. Their cumulative degree distributions obey the expression of stretched exponential distribution‘s rank-ordering form,and their degree distributions exhibit product-form by two functions, one is similar to an exponential form, and the other is close to a power law. An index is presented to measure how this distribution is close to the power law and how this distribution is used in the analysis of these parameter networks. The mode of parameter adjustment decides that the quasi-scale-free networks are formed naturally.     

Evolutionary snowdrift game on heterogeneous Newman--Watts small-world network

We study the evolutionary snowdrift game in a heterogeneous Newman-Watts small-world network. The heterogeneity of the network is controlled by the number of hubs. It is found that the moderate heterogeneity of the network can promote the cooperation best. Besides, we study how the hubs affect the evolution of cooperative behaviours of the heterogeneous Newman-Watts small-world network. Simulation results show that both the initial states of hubs and the connections between hubs can play an important role. Our work gives a further insight into the effect of hubs on the heterogeneous networks.     

人类行为的动力学与统计力学研究

对人类行为的统计特性的研究,涉及研究经济、心理、交通、社会学等学科的根本问题.在最近一个时期以来,针对人类行为的统计揭示出了大量的出乎人们意料的规律,吸引了众多研究者的注意.这些规律不仅对认识人类自身和对大量的社会学科的基础研究有着重要价值,而且在实际应用中有着广阔的前景.文章作者回顾了这一新近发展起来的领域的主要研究成果,并重点对中国科学技术大学的相关研究进行了介绍.