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本文研究了通道中行人与车辆同向或反向运动时的人车相互作用.车辆运动的描述采用细化的确定性元胞自动机模型,而行人流则采用考虑背景场的格子气模型.车辆及其影响区被视为一种可移动的障碍物,形成动态变化的背景场,可以更好地反映人车之间的相互作用.通过数值模拟得到典型参数下的行人流基本图以及平均车速随行人密度的变化曲线.人车反向时行人流基本图中存在两个临界密度,其间的行人流量-密度曲线呈线性分布,曲线斜率k主要依赖于车辆宽度和行人预判时间,而平均车速近似为k,即反向车辆形成的移动瓶颈和行人拥堵向上游传播的速度是一致的.文中进一步考察了行人预判时间、车辆宽度及限速对人车混合交通流的影响.人车同向时,这三个参数的影响都不明显.人车反向时,当车辆宽度较小,即使在很高密度下,车辆仍可以前行,而更大的行人预判时间也有助于车辆的运动. 相似文献
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本文发现在测量误差内颗粒物质的下列三个临界角度相等: 1)从直径为D的倾斜孔洞流出的Beverloo颗粒流的流量开始停止的临界倾角θc 向大孔径极限线性外推θc∞≡θc(D→∞) 的补角θs∞= 180°-θc∞;2) 从靠近堆顶的点源向光滑底板缓慢下落颗粒形成的圆锥形堆的休止角θr; 3) 直接剪切矩形颗粒固体测得的库仑内摩擦角φ. 该结果倾向支持倾斜孔洞和颗粒堆自由表面的固-液转变与颗粒固体内部的库仑屈服均来自材料的同一临界性质. 由于三种情况样品的内部应力和变形等都是目前还远不能定量分析的复杂非均匀分布, 我们仅从定性角度对此给出一些讨论. 相似文献
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This paper proposes a modified lattice gas model to simulate pedestrian counter flow by considering the effect of following strength which can lead to appropriate responses to some complicated situations.Periodic and open boundary conditions are adopted respectively.The simulation results show that the presented model can reproduce some essential features of pedestrian counter flows,e.g.,the lane formation and segregation effect.The fundamental diagrams show that the complete jamming density is independent of the system size only when the width W and the length L are larger than some critical values respectively,and the larger asymmetrical conditions can better avoid the occurrence of deadlock phenomena.For the mixed pedestrian flow,it can be found that the jamming cluster is mainly caused by those walkers breaking the traffic rules,and the underlying mechanism is analysed.Furthermore,the comparison of simulation results and the experimental data is performed,it is shown that this modified model is reasonable and more realistic to simulate and analyse pedestrian counter flow. 相似文献
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