分光计调整方法的改进及白光色散研究

普通物理实验中使用分光计观察白光散射,测量三棱镜顶角,最小偏向角等。但在测量前需借助三棱镜调整分光计,有人通过理论分析发现传统的调节方法存在误调和误差,并提出了改进的实验调整方法。本文我们通过实验来验证该方法是否可行,并在实验中发现了其它的问题。     

普通物理综合设计实验课教学方法改革初探

开设普通物理综合设计实验课程目的在于培养学生动手能力、分析问题解决问题能力和创新能力。本文以首都师范大学物理系开设的普通物理综合设计实验为例讨论了具体的教学方法和过程,首先通过设计大量的预习思考题提高学生预习的针对性和预习效果,通过分组讨论来理解实验原理,并给出设计思路,最后通过实际实验锻炼学生的动手能力。该方法取得了良好的教学效果。     

通过改变玻璃厚度研究白光相干性

基于迈克尔逊干涉仪,通过只在单一光路中插入或在两光路中均插入不同厚度的石英玻璃研究了白光干涉的相干性。测量玻璃的折射率以检验所购材料是否合格。     

Magnetic entropy change and magnetic phase transition of LaFe11.4Al1.6Cx （x=0-0.8） compounds

The unit cell volume and phase transition temperature of LaFe11.4Al1.6Cx compounds have been studied. The magnetic entropy change, refrigerant capacity and the type of magnetic phase transition are investigated in detail for LaFe11.4Al1.6Cx with x=0.1, All the LaFe11.4Al1.6Cx （x=0-0.8） compounds have the cubic NaZn13-type structure. The addition of carbon atoms brings about a considerable increase in the lattice parameter. The bulk expansion results in the change of phase transition temperature （Tc）, Tc increases from 187K to 269 K with x varying from 0.1 to 0.8, Meanwhile an increase in the lattice parameter can also cause a change of the magnetic ground state from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic. Large magnetic entropy change IASI is found over a large temperature range around Tc and the refrigerant capacity is about 322J/kg for LaFe11.4Al1.6C0.1. The magnetic phase transition belongs in weakly first-order one for x=0.1.     

Magnetocaloric effect in Gd6Co1.67Si3 compound with a second-order phase transition

The magnetic properties and the magnetic entropy change AS have been investigated for Gd6Co1.67Si3 compounds with a second-order phase transition. The saturation moment at 5 K and the Curie temperature TC are 38.1μB and 298 K, respectively. The AS originates from a reversible second-order magnetic transition around TC and its value reaches 5.2 J/kg.K for a magnetic field change from 0 to 5T. The refrigerant capacity （RC） of Gd6Co1.67Si3 are calculated by using the methods given in Refs.[12] and [21], respectively, for a field change of 0 5T and its values are 310 and 440 J/kg, which is larger than those of some magnetocaloric materials with a first-order phase transition.     

LaFe13-xSix (1.2≤x≤2.2)化合物的磁场诱导熵变与磁场的关系

通过真空电弧熔炼、长时间真空热处理的方法获得了单相NaZn13-型LaFe13-xSix(1.2≤x≤2.2)化合物,并测量了它们的磁化强度与磁场和温度的关系,用Maxwell关系式计算出在不同磁场下化合物的熵变ΔS。用Landau的二级相变理论及平均场近似下的标度律,分析拟合了LaFe13-xSix化合物ΔS与H之间的关系,对于具有一级和二级相变的材料,发现均存在ΔS∝H2/3的关系,只是拟合得到的参数不同。采用熵变峰值拟合得到的参数能够反映材料中一级磁性相变的程度,研究磁场诱导的熵变与磁场的关系可以为磁制冷研制提供指导。     

Magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effects in NaZn13-type La（Fe, Al）13-based compounds

In this article,our recent progress concerning the effects of atomic substitution,magnetic field,and temperature on the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of the LaFe13-xAlx compounds are reviewed.With an increase of the aluminum content,the compounds exhibit successively an antiferromagnetic(AFM) state,a ferromagnetic(FM) state,and a mictomagnetic state.Furthermore,the AFM coupling of LaFe 13-xAlx can be converted to an FM one by substituting Si for Al,Co for Fe,and magnetic rare-earth R for La,or introducing interstitial C or H atoms.However,low doping levels lead to FM clusters embedded in an AFM matrix,and the resultant compounds can undergo,under appropriate applied fields,first an AFM-FM and then an FM-AFM phase transition while heated,with significant magnetic relaxation in the vicinity of the transition temperature.The Curie temperature of LaFe13-xAlx can be shifted to room temperature by choosing appropriate contents of Co,C,or H,and a strong magnetocaloric effect can be obtained around the transition temperature.For example,for the LaFe 11.5Al1.5C0.2H1.0 compound,the maximal entropy change reaches 13.8 J·kg-1 ·K-1 for a field change of 0-5 T,occurring around room temperature.It is 42% higher than that of Gd,and therefore,this compound is a promising room-temperature magnetic refrigerant.     

Table-Like Large Magnetocaloric Effect in the Misch Metal RSi Compound

Magnetic properties and the magnetocaloric effect(MCE)of the RSi(R=Ce,Pr,Nd)compounds made of Misch metal(MM)are investigated.Two transitions are found at 12K and 38K.Field variation generated large MCE and two peaks are found in the magnetic entropy change(△S)curves,which correspond to the two transition temperatures.The maximum values of the magnetic entropy changes(△S)are found to be-5.1 J/(kg·K)and-9.3 J/(kg·K)for the field ranges of 0-2 T and 0-5 T,respectively.The large AS as well as ultra-low price of MM make(MM)Si a competitive magnetic refrigerant candidate for low temperature in Eriksson cycle.