藏药柳茶叶乙醇水提取物中化学成分的鉴定

采用多种色谱分离技术对藏药柳茶叶80%乙醇提取物进行分离纯化,得到了9个化合物。根据其理化性质与NMR谱数据对化合物进行了结构鉴定,分别为金丝桃苷(hyperoside,Ⅰ)、槲皮素(quercetin,Ⅱ)、芸香苷(rutin,Ⅲ)、槲皮素3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,Ⅳ)、儿茶素(catechin,Ⅴ)、香草酸(vanillic acid,Ⅵ)、熊果苷(arbutin,Ⅶ)、异阿魏酸(isoferulic acid,Ⅷ)和胡萝卜苷(daucosterol,Ⅸ)。化合物中除Ⅳ、Ⅷ和Ⅸ外,其余6个化合物为首次从该属植物中分离鉴别。     

藏药柳茶叶乙醇水提取物中化学成分的鉴定

采用多种色谱分离技术对藏药柳茶叶80%乙醇提取物进行分离纯化,得到了9个化合物。 根据其理化性质与NMR谱数据对化合物进行了结构鉴定,分别为金丝桃苷（hyperoside,Ⅰ）、槲皮素（quercetin,Ⅱ）、芸香苷（rutin,Ⅲ）、槲皮素3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,Ⅳ）、儿茶素（catechin,Ⅴ）、香草酸（vanillic acid,Ⅵ）、熊果苷（arbutin,Ⅶ）、异阿魏酸（isoferulic acid,Ⅷ）和胡萝卜苷（daucosterol,Ⅸ）。 化合物中除Ⅳ、Ⅷ和Ⅸ外,其余6个化合物为首次从该属植物中分离鉴别。     

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE DETERMINATION OF 4-ZINC BOVINE INSULIN AT 1.9 (?) RESOLUTION

With the isomorphous difference Fourier method and the restrained least-squares re-finement technique, the crystal structure of 4- zinc bovine insulin in space group R_3 wasdetermined. The final crystallographic residual is 0. 19 at 1. 9A resolution. Based on therefined model, the structural mechanism for prolonged action of 4- zinc insulin is discussed.     

有关光电倍加管中的几个问题

本文简要叙述了射线的探测技术对光电倍加管的各种要求,以及管子的基本参数与应用的关系,综合了近年来文献中与此有关的光阴极、二次极和结构方面的工作情况。在阴极方面介绍了锑-铯、锑-钾-钠-铯光阴极和新的反射式锑-铯光阴极。在二次极方面介绍了锑-铯二次极和银-镁、铝-镁合金二次极等。在结构方面介绍了光阴极到第一个二次极区域的电子光学输入部分的结构和二次发射倍增系统的结构。本文还初步讨论了光阴极、二次极及管型结构方面的若干改进意见。     

基于多角度成像数据的新型植被指数构建与叶绿素含量估算

叶绿素含量的快速估算对于及时了解作物的长势、病虫害监测以及产量的评估都具有重要意义。利用自主研发的多角度成像观测系统获取了不同生育期玉米的高光谱影像,精确地提取出主平面内各个观测角度下玉米冠层的反射率。通过对ACRM模型模拟值和实测值的分析,计算出玉米冠层红波段下的热点-暗点指数(HDS),并利用该指数对TCARI进行改进,提出一个基于多角度观测的新型植被指数HDTCARI,最后使用多角度高光谱成像数据对其进行了地面验证。结果表明,HD-TCARI能够减小LAI对叶绿素估算的影响,当叶绿素浓度大于30μg·cm-2,HD-TCARI与LAI的相关性R2仅为26.88%~28.72%;当叶绿素浓度较高时,HD-TCARI具有抗"饱和"的特性在LAI在1~6之间变化时,HD-TCARI与叶绿素浓度的线性关系R2较TCARI提高了约9%左右。利用多角度高光谱成像数据对HD-TCARI进行地面验证,其与叶绿素浓度的线性关系(R2=66.74%)明显优于TCARI所建立的估算模型(R2=39.92%),证明了HD-TCARI指数具有更好地估算叶绿素浓度的潜力。     

稻干尖线虫病胁迫水稻叶片波谱响应特征及识别研究

对植被病害的精确识别是采取植保措施的前提,同时对喷施农药也具有积极的指导作用。比较了受稻干尖线虫胁迫水稻叶片和健康叶片色素含量、光谱反射率、高光谱特征参数,受害水稻叶片与健康叶片相比,叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量分别降低18%和22%;光谱反射率在蓝紫光、绿光和红光谱段分别增加1.5,1和2.3倍,在近红外和短波红外区域分别降低约28.9%和26.3%,红边和蓝边分别蓝移约8和10nm,绿峰和红谷分别红移约8.5和6 nm。以红边面积和红边位置作为C-SVC(非线性软间隔分类机)的输入向量,对受害和健康叶片进行识别,精度为100%。研究表明,水稻叶片光谱对病害胁迫具有显著的响应特征,利用C-SVC对受害和健康叶片进行辨别的方法是可行的。     

INTERMEDIARY OXIDATION REACTION BETWEEN THE TWO REDUCTION PHASES DURING THE TRIPHASIC COURSE OF CYTOCHROME b REDUCTION

The reduction of eytochrome b in the succinate-cytoehrome c reduetase by either succinate or duroquinol follows a triphasic course in the pH range 6.0—9.0. The rates of all the three phases of cytochrome b oxldation-reduction as well as the rate of reduction of cytochrome c increase with increasing pH. The course of both the triphasic changes and the multiphasic oxidation-reduction changes of cytochrome b in the presence of added cytochrome c have also been followed by repeated spectral scan at 4℃. In all cases, the reduction and oxidation of cytochrome b are clearly indicated by the appearance and disappearance of the 562 nm peak in the reduced minus oxidized spectra. The accumulation of ubisemiquinone at center i has been suggested to be responsible for the oxidation phase of cytochrome b.     

REFINED CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF INSULIN AT 1.8A RESOLUTION——HYDROGEN BONDS AND BOUND WATER

The hydrogen bonds in insulin fall into three cases: the helical hydrogen bonds in α- or 3_(10)helices, the non-helical one formed by polar groups of insulin itself, and the hydrogen bondsformed between insulin and water. By using the information obtained, the results of a seriesof biochemical investigations on insulin analogs related to B-chain C-terminal peptide can beinterpreted and it can also be inferred that the complex behaviours of the aggregation ofinsulin may play a protective role for the unique conformation of the molecule. Water structure also appears in the refined model. About one third of the water in anasymmetric unit is hydrogen-bonded to insulin molecules or each other, which are referred toas bound water. The polar and charged groups of insulin all show the tendencies to bind towater molecules as many as possible, which is a significant factor for the stabilization of theunique conformation of the molecule. The binding way of water molecules to insulin mole-cules is also analysed.     

REFINED CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF INSULIN AT 1.8A RESOLUTION——CRYST

The structure of insulin has been refined by difference Fourier method at 1.8A resolu-tion. A set of computer programs calculating the mF_o-nF_c Fourier synthesis and the cor-rections of parameters automatically has been set up. With the programs to refine theinsulin model obtained from MIR map at 1.8A resolution for 11 cycles, the R index(R=∑|KF_o- F_c|/∑KF_o) is reduced to 0.210 from the initial value of 0.388. Duringthe refinement the stereochemistry of the insulin molecules is constantly detected andadjusted to fit the reasonable geometry. The refinement has greatly improved the structuremodel of insulin and provided more detailed structure information. On the basis of this thesystems of hydrogen bond in an insulin dimer are determined and the interaction betweenwater and insulin molecules in the crystal is investigated.     

Studies on Long-acting Insulin:Crystal Structure of Arg-B31 Human Insulin at 2.0 Resolution

The crystal structure of Arg-B31 human insulin(ABHI), a long-acting insulin derivative, has been determined at 2.0 resolution by using X-ray diffraction analysis. The final crystallographic R factor of the structure model after the refinement is 0.189 with the bond length r. m. s deviation of 0.018 . The refined structure of ABHI showed that the conformation of B-chain C-terminal residues was more stable than that in the native molecule. A striking structural feature of ABHI was an additional ion pair formed between ArgB31 of molecule Ⅰ and Glu-B21 of molecule Ⅱ in a dimer, and three ionic bonds between the neighbouring molecules thereby appeared on the surface of ABHI hexamer.These secondary bonds generated by the insertion of the residue Arg-B31 should make the rate of dissociation of ABHI hexamer slow down when it was injected into the body and the property of protraction should be produced by a 'depot effect'. This ought to be the main structure basis of the prolonged action of ABHI. The results o