波束形成后多干扰抵消方法

为解决常规波束形成后干扰抵消方法仅能从目标波束内消除一个干扰影响的局限性,提出了一种可实现多干扰抑制的波束形成后干扰抵消方法,用于解决多干扰条件下的弱目标波束形成问题.该方法通过最小化多个干扰波束对目标波束的影响,获得用于抵消干扰波束的加权值;然后从目标波束中减去加权后的干扰波束,从而获得抑制干扰后的目标波束。该方法继承了常规波束形成方法的稳健性,因此在阵列流型失配等存在误差的条件下可以用于目标波束形成。仿真和海上实验数据表明,与最小方差无失真响应方法和解卷积的常规波束形成方法相比,该方法可以有效抑制干扰的影响,且当目标与任一干扰方位相近时,其方位谱中可以观察到目标波束,而另外两种方法的目标波束均被干扰波束或其旁瓣所掩盖;与设置凹槽的波束图综合方法相比,该方法算法复杂度低,计算速度快,稳健性更好。      

基于张量分解的简正波模态参数估计

提出了一种基于张量分解的模态深度函数和模态水平波数(统称模态参数)估计方法,解决了传统子空间方法对模态正交性的依赖。利用经距离补偿后声场的平移不变性,将模态参数估计问题转化为三阶张量的规范多元分解(CPD)问题,分解得到的因子矩阵可用于同时估计模态深度函数和模态水平波数。推导了模态参数估计问题下张量分解的唯一性条件,结果表明该方法可在模态深度函数采样向量线性无关的条件下,使用较少的深度维采样和距离维采样实现模态参数估计。仿真结果还表明该方法在距离采样孔径较小时依然具有较好的估计性能。将该方法应用于SwellEx-96实验数据,得到了与实验海域环境较吻合的模态参数估计结果。仿真和实验数据均验证了该方法的有效性。     

Investigation of long-range sound propagation in surface ducts

Understanding the effect of source-receiver geometry on sound propagation in surface ducts can improve the performance of near-surface sonar in deep water. The Lloyd-mirror and normal mode theories are used to analyze the features of surface-duct propagation in this paper. Firstly, according to the Lloyd-mirror theory, a shallow point source generates directional lobes, whose grazing angles are determined by the source depth and frequency. By assuming a part of the first lobe to be just trapped in the surface duct, a method to calculate the minimum cutoff frequency （MCF） is obtained. The presented method is source depth dependent and thus is helpful for determining the working depth for sonar. Secondly, it is found that under certain environments there exists a layer of low transmission loss （TL） in the surface duct, whose thickness is related to the source geometry and can be calculated by the Lloyd-mirror method. The receiver should be placed in this layer to minimize the TL. Finally, the arrival angle on a vertical linear array （VLA） in the surface duct is analyzed based on normal mode theory, which provides a priori knowledge of the beam direction of passive sonar.     

联合简正波水波和底波频散特性的贝叶斯地声参数反演

大多数基于浅海简正波模态频散数据的地声参数反演方法无法对深层底质声学参数进行可靠估计,究其原因是仅利用了简正波水波频散特征,忽略了与深层底质声学参数密切相关的底波频散特征,因此,本文在分析了包含水波和底波的浅海宽带数据的基础上,结合底波频散特征对深层底质声学参数变化更加敏感的物理特性,实现了基于完整简正波频散特性的贝叶斯地声参数反演,并针对简正波宽带声场模型计算复杂度较高的现实问题,利用变分贝叶斯蒙特卡罗方法的推断优势,完成了未知参数的可靠估计和快速后验分析.仿真和海上实验结果表明:联合简正波水波和底波频散特征数据的贝叶斯地声参数反演,不仅可以有效估计深层底质声学参数,而且降低了其他相关环境参数的估计不确定性.     

深海本地界面混响平均强度模型与规律分析

为揭示深海多途传播效应及界面参数对本地界面混响强度的影响规律,将界面混响表述为不同多途混响衰落过程的非相干叠加结果,并结合界面散射的若干物理机制,建立了以海面海底物理参数为变量的混响强度模型.通过数值仿真和理论分析研究了不同多途混响强度的衰落特性、到达角的空间分布及部分物理参数对混响强度的影响,并利用南海海盆(典型泥质海底)实验数据对模型有效性进行验证.仿真结果表明,界面混响强度随时间变化呈现多峰结构,峰值时间与多途混响的到达时间分布一致。声源与接收器均位于近海面处时,首峰的峰值强度及其衰落过程由海面风速决定,其它峰的峰值强度由海面海底参数共同决定,但其衰落过程主要受到底质参数的影响.      

A reliable acoustic path： Physical properties and a source localization method

<正>The physical properties of a reliable acoustic path(RAP) are analysed and subsequently a weighted-subspacefitting matched field(WSF-MF) method for passive localization is presented by exploiting the properties of the RAP environment.The RAP is an important acoustic duct in the deep ocean,which occurs when the receiver is placed near the bottom where the sound velocity exceeds the maximum sound velocity in the vicinity of the surface.It is found that in the RAP environment the transmission loss is rather low and no blind zone of surveillance exists in a medium range. The ray theory is used to explain these phenomena.Furthermore,the analysis of the arrival structures shows that the source localization method based on arrival angle is feasible in this environment.However,the conventional methods suffer from the complicated and inaccurate estimation of the arrival angle.In this paper,a straightforward WSF-MF method is derived to exploit the information about the arrival angles indirectly.The method is to minimize the distance between the signal subspace and the spanned space by the array manifold in a finite range-depth space rather than the arrival-angle space.Simulations are performed to demonstrate the features of the method,and the results are explained by the arrival structures in the RAP environment.     

采用拖曳线列阵的海洋声学参数联合反演方法研究

匹配场反演方法是快速获取海底声学参数的一种有效途径,但是其反映的是水体和海底空间变化环境的平均效果,对海底密度和衰减系数的敏感性较小,且在复杂海底环境下,不确定性明显增加.匹配场反演方法通常采用垂直阵来实现,其机动性较差,只能获得局部海区的环境参数.利用拖曳线列阵可以实现环境参数的走航式获取.提出了基于匹配场与反射损失...