相关固井质量的声波测井仪器刻度和标定*

目前,中海油服已经建成了一批用于固井质量和套损检测的刻度井,刻度井群可以物理模拟不同的套管规格、水泥密度以及不同的水泥胶结状况等,可用于实现对固井质量和套损检测的声波测井仪器进行系统的标定和测试。以刻度井群中用于标定仪器在高密度和中密度水泥套管井中测量性能的应用为例,介绍了依据高精度的超声扫描、数值模拟和实际仪器的测试结果,初步实现对固井质量检测中常用的声幅-变密度测井(CBL/VDL)和扇区水泥胶结测井(SBT)仪器进行定量刻度和标定的步骤和方法。研究工作表明,质量测试可以掌握刻度井中各组成部分的声学物理参数以及胶结质量,在此基础上结合数值模拟和实际仪器的测量响应,可基本实现待测仪器工作性能的标定。     

基于虚拟源时间反转的经颅超声精确聚焦*

针对经颅超声难以精确聚焦的问题,本文研究了基于虚拟源的时间反转方法,建立颅骨二维数字模型,在聚焦目标处设置虚拟声源,利用时域有限差分法模拟超声时间反转过程,并考察基于虚拟源时间反转方法的聚焦效果。数值仿真结果表明,基于虚拟源的时间反转方法可以实现经颅超声的精确聚焦,聚焦强度和精度好于传统的相控聚焦;换能器中心频率和数量对聚焦效果的影响规律与相控聚焦时类似;该方法可以同时向多个焦点聚焦,并自适应调节各焦点处声压幅度。     

声空化工程初步*

声空化气泡内的高温、高压和高密度是声空化工程的机理和基础。该文简要回顾了国内外声空化理论和实验研究的进展，针对当前在液体中进行工业规模声处理等声能应用方面的现状和存在的问题，提出了扩大声能应用的一种可能途径——声空化空间分布控制并在实验室内进行了实验研究。结果表明该方法具有可行性。在此基础上，文中给出了基于空化空间分布控制方法在稠油井口辅助降粘和高固污泥预处理方面取得声空化工程初步应用的两个例子。现场的试验结果表明，这两种声空化工程化样机在实际现场工况条件下，均取得了较好的应用效果。最后，对当前声空化工程应用前景进行了初步探讨。     

时间反转方法用于高强度聚焦超声的焦点偏移补偿

传统的高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)治疗中实际焦点和预设焦点容易出现偏移,为考察时间反转方法对HIFU治疗中焦点偏移的补偿效果,采用时域有限差分方法求解Westervelt方程,建立高强度聚焦声场数值模型。数值计算得到在人体软组织中进行HIFU治疗时,采用时间反转方法后焦点偏移距离最大仅为1.6 mm。脂肪层厚度及声源强度改变对时间反转聚焦精度影响不大,F数(焦点距离同换能器孔径的比值)降低时,焦点偏移减小。研究表明在人体软组织吸收系数和非线性系数范围内,时间反转方法可有效补偿焦点偏移,达到更好的聚焦效果。      

超声平面波经颅成像相位校正方法*

超声平面波经颅成像时,由于颅骨对超声传播的影响引起图像质量下降,需要对颅骨造成的超声相位畸变进行校正。为此,该文研究了两种相位补偿方法:基于近似射线声学的理论方法和基于时间反转的数值计算方法,并利用数值仿真对比了两种方法的补偿和成像效果。结果表明:无论使用近似射线法还是时间反转法,都能够有效地校正因颅骨造成的相位畸变;时间反转法成像的精度和结果要好于近似射线法,但所需的计算资源和时间都要远远大于近似射线法;两种方法与平面波相干复合方法结合都能够一定程度上提高成像的对比度和分辨率。该研究结果为超声经颅脑成像方法研究和设备研发提供了理论指导和技术支持。     

Quantitative ultrasound brain imaging with multiscale deconvolutional waveform inversion

High-resolution images of human brain are critical for monitoring the neurological conditions in a portable and safe manner. Sound speed mapping of brain tissues provides unique information for such a purpose. In addition, it is particularly important for building digital human acoustic models, which form a reference for future ultrasound research. Conventional ultrasound modalities can hardly image the human brain at high spatial resolution inside the skull due to the strong impedance contrast between hard tissue and soft tissue. We carry out numerical experiments to demonstrate that the time-domain waveform inversion technique, originating from the geophysics community, is promising to deliver quantitative images of human brains within the skull at a sub-millimeter level by using ultra-sound signals. The successful implementation of such an approach to brain imaging requires the following items: signals of sub-megahertz frequencies transmitting across the inside of skull, an accurate numerical wave equation solver simulating the wave propagation, and well-designed inversion schemes to reconstruct the physical parameters of targeted model based on the optimization theory. Here we propose an innovative modality of multiscale deconvolutional waveform inversion that improves ultrasound imaging resolution, by evaluating the similarity between synthetic data and observed data through using limited length Wiener filter. We implement the proposed approach to iteratively update the parametric models of the human brain. The quantitative imaging method paves the way for building the accurate acoustic brain model to diagnose associated diseases, in a potentially more portable, more dynamic and safer way than magnetic resonance imaging and x-ray computed tomography.     

天然气水化合物的声学探测进展

天然水合物是一种未来的新型能源,与此相关的研究正日益成为能源勘探领域的热点。本文对 天然水合物及其特点、分布和探测技术进行了简要的介绍,在此基础上从声学技术研究角度出发, 介绍了声波测井、地震探测、海底地貌声波检测技术等在探测天然水合物中的应用;并探讨了声学方 法和技术在评价天然水合物储层方面的研究内容、进展和侧重点。     

非轴对称结构井孔声场的实验研究

本实验为轴对称井孔结构和非轴对称井孔结构声场的对比实验,通过分别记录这两种结构井孔上不同源距的接收波形来完成。对接收波列作了二维谱处理并和应用有限差分法得到的相应结果作对比,获得了比较一致的结果。由此证明我们应用有限差分法来研究非轴对称井孔声场的方法是正确可靠的。     

时间反转聚焦在组织中形成损伤的数值建模

为考察基于时间反转方法的高强度聚焦超声治疗在预设目标点处的组织损伤情况,使用三维有限差分算法求解Westervelt方程,建立非线性声波传播数值模型,采用97阵元相控阵结合虚拟源的时间反转方法进行超声聚焦,分析其形成的声场和热场,并考察目标点偏离轴线时的组织损伤形成规律。结果表明随着目标点偏轴距离的增大,声压旁瓣开始增多。旁瓣的温升较低,不足以形成组织损伤。时间反转方法可用于多点聚焦,在一定的范围内,形成多点目标损伤而不产生额外的周围组织损伤。同时多点聚焦可以形成一个较大的损伤区域,减少超声治疗时间。     

Influence of mode conversions in the skull on transcranial focused ultrasound and temperature fields utilizing the wave field separation method: A numerical study

Transcranial focused ultrasound is a booming noninvasive therapy for brain stimuli. The Kelvin–Voigt equations are employed to calculate the sound field created by focusing a 256-element planar phased array through a monkey skull with the time-reversal method. Mode conversions between compressional and shear waves exist in the skull. Therefore, the wave field separation method is introduced to calculate the contributions of the two waves to the acoustic intensity and the heat source, respectively. The Pennes equation is used to depict the temperature field induced by ultrasound. Five computational models with the same incident angle of 0?and different distances from the focus for the skull and three computational models at different incident angles and the same distance from the focus for the skull are studied. Numerical results indicate that for all computational models, the acoustic intensity at the focus with mode conversions is 12.05%less than that without mode conversions on average. For the temperature rise, this percentage is 12.02%. Besides, an underestimation of both the acoustic intensity and the temperature rise in the skull tends to occur if mode conversions are ignored. However, if the incident angle exceeds 30?, the rules of the over-and under-estimation may be reversed. Moreover,shear waves contribute 20.54% of the acoustic intensity and 20.74% of the temperature rise in the skull on average for all computational models. The percentage of the temperature rise in the skull from shear waves declines with the increase of the duration of the ultrasound.