Monte carlo simulation of magnetization and coercivity of free magnetic clusters

Based on Monte Carlo method, the oscillatory behaviour of the average magnetic moment as a function of the cluster sizes and the temperature dependences of magnetic moment with different sizes have been studied. It is found that the oscillations superimposed on the decreasing moment are associated with not only the geometrical structure effects but also the thermal fluctuation. The hystereses and thermal coercivities for free clusters with zero and finite uniaxial anisotropies have been calculated. The simulated thermal dependence of the coercivity is consistent with the experimental result, but does not fit the T^α law in the whole temperature range. It is evident that an easy magnetization direction and an anisotropy resulting from the spin configurations exist in the free clusters with the pure exchange interaction, which is also proved by the natural angle and energy distribution of clusters. A systematic theoretical analysis is also made to establish the relationship between natural angle and coercivity.     

第一性原理研究氧在Ni(111)表面上的吸附能及功函数

采用基于密度泛函理论（DFT）广义梯度近似（GGA）下的第一性原理方法系统地研究了不同覆盖度下O在Ni（111）表面的吸附特性.计算结果表明,O在Ni（111）表面的稳定吸附位为三重面心立方（fcc）洞位,吸附能随着覆盖度的增加而减小,O诱导Ni（111）表面功函数的变化量与覆盖度成近线性关系,并随着覆盖度的增加而增大.同时,通过对电子密度和分波态密度的分析发现：O在Ni（111）表面的吸附使得Ni表面电子向O原子转移,形成表面偶极矩,导致功函数增加;表面Ni原子的3d轨道和O的2p轨道通过耦合、杂化作用形成成键态和反键态,而反键态几乎不被占据,因而O—Ni键相互作用比较强,吸附能较大. 关键词： 表面吸附 密度泛函理论 吸附能 功函数     

硅铝催化剂催化有机溶剂木质素的解聚

E cient conversion of lignin to fine chemicals and biofuel become more and more attractive in biorefinery. In this work, we used a series of silica-alumina catalysts (i.e., SiO₂-Al₂O₃, HY, Hβ, and HZSM-5) to degrade lignin into arenes and phenols. The relationship between the catalyst structure and lignin depolymerization performance was investigated. The results showed that both acidity and pore size of the catalyst could in uence the conversion of lignin. In the volatilizable product, phenols were identified as the main phenolic monomers via gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. SiO₂-Al₂O₃ was the most effcient catalyst, giving 90.96% degree of conversion, 12.91% yield of phenols, and 2.41% yield of arenes in ethanol at 280℃ for 4 h. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis demonstrated that deoxygenation and alkylation occurred in this process. The effect of solvents was also investigated and the results showed that ethanol was the most effcient solvent.     

ZnO1-xCx稀磁半导体的磁特性的第一性原理和蒙特卡罗研究

利用第一性原理计算得到C掺杂ZnO的电子结构,发现系统具有半金属的电子结构.从态密度的分析可以看到Zn-3d和C-2p电子具有强烈的杂化作用,这是体系具有相对稳定铁磁基态的原因.利用第一性原理得到的磁性耦合强度并结合蒙特卡罗模拟得到了C掺杂浓度为555%,833%,125%的ZnO_1-xC_x分别具有210 K,260 K,690 K的居里温度.同时,详细地分析了C掺杂引起的电子转移和C,Zn,O的s,p和d电子的自旋向上和自旋向下电子数的变化.通过比较研究,发现ZnO_1-xC_x的局域磁矩主要来源于Zn-3d 电子和C-2p 电子之间的相互作用,而局域磁矩耦合倾向于RKKY耦合. 关键词： 1-xC_x')" href="#">ZnO_1-xC_x 磁性 第一性原理 蒙特卡罗模拟     

Ni/SiO_2-Al_2O_3固体酸催化剂催化氢解碱木质素制备芳香类化合物

以具有弱酸中心和中强酸中心的无定形硅铝为载体,负载Ni基催化剂,对碱木质素进行解聚制备了芳香类化合物.考察了Ni负载量、反应温度和反应时间对碱木质素氢解产物生成及分布的影响.对解聚产物进行气相色谱(GC)、气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)及傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)等分析,探讨了氢解反应过程.研究结果表明,催化剂的酸性是促进木质素解聚生成芳烃类产物的主要因素,且随着催化剂酸量的增加,芳烃类产物的收率呈上升趋势.以15%Ni/SiO_2-Al_2O_3为催化剂氢解木质素时,随着反应温度升高,芳香类化合物收率先增加后降低,在反应温度为300℃时最优,芳烃类产物收率为9.05%,芳香类化合物总收率为22.53%.随着反应时间的延长,芳香烃类产物收率先增加,后趋于稳定,酚类化合物收率逐渐提高,反应12 h时,芳香类化合物收率最高为26.54%.