极端条件下的金刚石自旋量子传感

极低温、高压强、强磁场等极端条件是发现和调控新奇物态的重要途径.为了能在极端条件下实现灵敏的物性测量,需要发展先进的传感探测方案.基于金刚石氮空位中心的自旋量子传感可实现磁学、电学、力学、热学等物理参数的灵敏测量,而且拥有微纳尺度的空间分辨率和极其宽泛的工作区间,有望成为极端条件下灵敏物性测量的重要工具.本文主要介绍低温、高温、零场、强磁场以及高压强等极端条件下金刚石氮空位中心的光学性质和自旋相干性质,探讨极端条件下金刚石自旋量子传感所面临的机遇和挑战.本文也包含自旋量子传感的基础知识和极端条件下量子传感应用进展.     

金刚石氮空位中心自旋量子调控

量子计算和量子传感近年来受到了广泛的关注.金刚石氮空位中心以其简单稳定的自旋能级结构、高效便捷的光学跃迁规则以及室温下超长的自旋量子态相干时间而成为量子信息科学中引人瞩目的新星.本文从实验研究的角度介绍金刚石氮空位中心自旋量子调控的基础理论、典型技术和代表性结果;重点讨论1)如何通过光磁共振方法在室温大气环境下对单个自旋进行探测和相干操控,2)金刚石中自旋量子比特退相干的主要机制和抑制手段,3)自旋态相干操控技术在量子传感中的应用;最后对氮空位中心在量子计算和量子传感中的发展趋势进行了小结.     

Quantum information processing with nitrogen–vacancy centers in diamond

Nitrogen–vacancy(NV) center in diamond is one of the most promising candidates to implement room temperature quantum computing. In this review, we briefly discuss the working principles and recent experimental progresses of this spin qubit. These results focus on understanding and prolonging center spin coherence, steering and probing spin states with dedicated quantum control techniques, and exploiting the quantum nature of these multi-spin systems, such as superposition and entanglement, to demonstrate the superiority of quantum information processing. Those techniques also stimulate the fast development of NV-based quantum sensing, which is an interdisciplinary field with great potential applications.