Characterization Method of Polycrystalline Materials Using Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy

An apparatus for characterization of polycrystalline materials based on conductive atomic torce microscopy （cAFM） is developed and a quantitative measurement of electrical characteristics of individual grains in polycrystalline ZnO ceramic is demonstrated. Improvement of the experimental method is presented. Experimental results illuminate unambiguously the different electrical characteristics between individual grains, suggesting the suitability and maneuverability of this method in the study of local structure or properties and their relationship in polycrystalline materials such as semi-conducting ceramics.     

碳湿敏膜的非线性感湿特性和导电机理

采用羟乙基纤维素（HEC）和导电炭黑并添加山梨醇增湿剂制备碳湿敏膜，研究了膜在偏离结露区的非线性感湿特性和导电机理.扫描电镜观测到，膜中炭黑粒子形成网链状的空间导电结构；2%炭黑含量使膜的导电通路处于渗流区，膜电阻在80%RH附近对湿度有较强的非线性特性.分析I-V曲线认为，是导电网链中炭黑粒子的间距使膜电阻对湿度变化和测量电压的变化都非常敏感，非线性感湿特性与导电机理密切相关.复阻抗谱表明，碳湿敏样品在33%RH时只出现与炭黑体电阻有关的半圆弧，在80%RH时出现与炭黑粒界电 关键词： 碳湿敏膜 逾渗阈值 I-V特性')" href="#">I-V特性 复阻抗谱     

ZnO压敏陶瓷中组分工艺对Znï本征缺陷的影响

用导纳谱法,测量ZnO压敏陶瓷中Schottky势垒区的陷阱能级,研究组分、制备工艺对二价填隙锌离子Znï本征缺陷的影响.结果表明,ZnO压敏陶瓷中由于添加剂的多元化,导致制备过程中组分之间反应增强,从而形成本征缺陷的趋向也随之增强;其中那些能分凝于晶界的Bi,Ba添加剂,则对Znï的形成有抑制作用;而过高的退火处理温度,则大大地促进Znï的形成.     

ZnO压敏陶瓷中的本征缺陷

研究了ZnO-Sb₂O₃-BaO系和ZnO-Bi₂O₃-Sb₂O₃-BaO系压敏陶瓷的介电损耗因子D(tanδ)与频率f的关系。发现不含Bi₂O₃试样在室温附近出现一新的损耗峰,峰值频率在2MHz左右,对应的电子陷阱能级为0.18eV,分析认为是由于本征缺陷Zn_i所致。设想Bi离子对Zn_i 关键词：     

岛屿地形对极地低压和热带气旋发展的线性理论模型和观测资料分析

基于轴对称和热成风平衡系统,研究了柱坐标系中的线性涡旋动力学方程组的初值问题,分析了岛屿地形对极地低压和热带气旋类涡旋的影响,同时分析了感热和潜热,摩擦和地形在极地低压和热带气旋类涡旋的强度和结构演变中的作用.通过对地形影响下的流体运动的径向和法向速度,以及垂直速度和流体运动的不稳定增长率的分析指出,流动和地形的相互作用对极地低压和热带气旋类系统的强度和结构演变起着非常重要的作用. 在岛屿山脉地形的迎风坡上,地形强迫的径向入流气流和垂直上升运动有利于极地低压和热带气旋类涡旋的加强和发展,有利于加强流体的不稳定增长率.但是,在山脉地形的背风侧,地形强迫的径向入流气流和垂直下沉运动,有利于极地低压和热带气旋类涡旋的减弱和消亡,有利于减弱流体的不稳定增长率.同时,基于气象观测资料分析了2003年12月19日发生在日本海上的一次极地低压生消和演变过程,所得到的观测事实和理论分析具有较好的一致性,并在此基础上讨论了极地低压和台风涡旋,斜压背风涡旋和斜压锢囚涡旋的生消机制和演变特征的异同.     

Topographic effects on polar low and tropical cyclone development in simple theoretical model

The polar low and tropical cyclone type vortices over topography are assumed to be the axisymmetrical and thermal-wind balanced systems, which are solved as an initial value problem of a linearized vortex equation set in cylindrical coordinates. The roles of the sensible and latent heating, friction, and topography in the structure and intensification of the polar low and tropical cyclone type vortices are analyzed. The radial velocity, vertical velocity, azimuthal velocity, and the unstable growth rate including the topography effects are obtained. It is shown that the interaction between the flow and the topography plays a significant role in the structure and intensification of the polar low and tropical cyclone system. The analysis of the topography term indicates that, in the up-slope side of the mountain, the radial inflow and the vertical ascent forced by the mountain can intensify the polar low and tropical cyclone type vortex and increase the unstable growth rate. However, in the lee side of the mountain, the radial inflow and the vertical descent forced by the mountain can weaken the polar low and tropical cyclone type vortex and decrease the unstable growth rate of the polar low and tropical cyclone system. In addition, the evolutionary process and the spatial structure of the polar low observed over the Japan Sea on 19 December 2003 are investigated with the observational data to verify this theoretical result.