1994年水下防务技术会议介绍

每年6—7月，北大西洋公约组织水下防务专家都要云集西欧，参加一年一度的水下防务技术会议和展览会，今年开会的地点是英国伦敦，从7月5日到7日举行了学术报告会和展览会，7月8日又举行了一天非公开的学术报告会．参加会议的不仅限于北大西洋公约组织的16国，还有日本，新加坡，马来西亚等国的代表．俄罗斯新近成立的武器装备进出口委员会也在展览大厅中设立了一个摊位．我作为会议参加者之一，参加了多种学术活动并观看了展览会，现就本次会议的主要情况作一介绍．水下防务技术③naerwateroefenseTee5nohyy，简称UDT）会议和展览会是北…     

拖曳线列阵声呐平台噪声的空域矩阵滤波抑制技术

针对拖曳线列阵声呐平台噪声构成近场强干扰影响声呐弱目标探测的问题,利用近场平台噪声的多途传播特性,将匹配场定位技术和平面波目标方位估计技术结合,使用平台噪声到达接收阵的拷贝向量以及平面波方向向量共同设计平台噪声零响应约束空域矩阵滤波器,实现了平台噪声抑制.推导得出滤波器设计最优化问题的最优解,利用广义奇异值分解简化最优解表达式,并给出滤波器对平面波方向向量整体响应误差以及对平台噪声拷贝向量响应。利用平台噪声拷贝向量与远场平面波方向向量相关性,解释了平台噪声构成强干扰的原因,以及滤波后存在探测盲区的原因。由仿真可知,空域矩阵滤波处理可获得更小的探测盲区,同时获得盲区外更高的探测能力.     

多波束自适应噪声抵消法引论

本文给出按Wiener最小均方差准则设计的两种噪声抵消系统模型。给出计算输出信噪比的一般表达式。提出了把这种模型用于自适应波束成形时的实际检验准则。
提出一种多波束自适应噪声抵消系统。分析了它的主要性能。
本文的全部讨论都在频域上进行,文中给出利用信号平均功率谱密度和最佳线性滤波器的传输函数计算系统指向性的方法。给出了多波束噪声抵消法在自适应前后的指向性公式。
实际的例子说明这种系统在抑制为数不多的干扰时具有很大的优越性。     

Investigations of thickness-shear mode elastic constant and damping of shunted piezoelectric materials with a coupling resonator

Shear-mode piezoelectric materials have been widely used to shunt the damping of vibrations where utilizing surface or interface shear stresses. The thick-shear mode(TSM) elastic constant and the mechanical loss factor can change correspondingly when piezoelectric materials are shunted to different electrical circuits. This phenomenon makes it possible to control the performance of a shear-mode piezoelectric damping system through designing the shunt circuit. However, due to the difficulties in directly measuring the TSM elastic constant and the mechanical loss factor of piezoelectric materials, the relationships between those parameters and the shunt circuits have rarely been investigated. In this paper, a coupling TSM electro–mechanical resonant system is proposed to indirectly measure the variations of the TSM elastic constant and the mechanical loss factor of piezoelectric materials. The main idea is to transform the variations of the TSM elastic constant and the mechanical loss factor into the changes of the easily observed resonant frequency and electrical quality factor of the coupling electro–mechanical resonator. Based on this model, the formular relationships are set up theoretically with Mason equivalent circuit method and they are validated with finite element(FE) analyses. Finally, a prototype of the coupling electro–mechanical resonator is fabricated with two shear-mode PZT5 A plates to investigate the TSM elastic constants and the mechanical loss factors of different circuit-shunted cases of the piezoelectric plate. Both the resonant frequency shifts and the bandwidth changes observed in experiments are in good consistence with the theoretical and FE analyses under the same shunt conditions. The proposed coupling resonator and the obtained relationships are validated with but not limited to PZT5 A.     

大型声呐基阵的全方位强干扰抵消系统

强干扰是制约中远程声呐性能的主要因素。对于大型声呐来说,由于过长的延时量以及过高的运算速率,抗强干扰问题始终未能解决,本文提出一种适用于大型基阵的全方位抗强干扰系统。它是自适应噪声抵消系统与一个可编程迪卡诺(DICANNE)系统的结合,在干扰与信号入射角之间的夹角比较小时,采用低采样速率的自适应噪声抵消系统;在此角度较大时,采用高采样率的DICANNE系统,从而使整个系统具有全方位抗干扰的性能。本方案在采用高性能的DSP器件时,易于实现。文中给出设计框图与硬件实施方法。     

第五讲新型光纤水听器和矢量水听器

光纤水听器和矢量水听器作为当前水声研究领域最具有代表性的两大技术倍受业界关注。光纤水听器的重要贡献在于，从一个全新的角度出发，试图解决传统的水声传感和声纳数据传输一体化设计和实现的一系列问题，这有助于改善声纳系统的可靠性，并且有可能降低其制造、使用和维护的总成本。矢量水听器则由于其特有的指向性和矢量一相位处理方法，在低频和甚低频水声微弱目标探测方面具有潜在的优势．经过不懈的努力，光纤水听器和矢量水听器系统已经从实验室逐渐进入到工程应用阶段．这些对未来声纳系统的发展会产生相当重要的影响．文章尝试从声纳设计的角度对这两者的技术现状进行简要综述，包括它们各自的物理基础、工作原理、关键技术和应用领域．     

时延估计与双线阵左右舷分辨

针对双线列阵的左右舷分辨问题，特别是双线阵间距较大时的左右舷分辨问题，文中提出了一种以时延估计为理论基础的左右舷分辨方法，将双线阵的左右舷分辨问题转变成对轴向对称的两路波束信号进行时延估计，然后根据时延值的符号判断出目标所处的左右舷。该方法具有算法简单、对阵形畸变不敏感的优点。经过湖试实验数据分析验证，证明是一种简单、有效、可行的左右舷分辨技术。     

THE LIMITING RESOLUTION ABILITY AND DYNAMIC RANGE OF OPTIMUM WEIGHT COEFFICIENTS OF ADAPTIVE BEAMFORMING SYSTEMS

Some problems of designing an adaptive beamforming system are considered in this paper.Oneis the limiting resolution ability of an adaptive beamforming system.The general representationof the output signal to noise ratio and gain of such system are given.A method for calculating theability of adaptive beamforming systems to reject more than one plane wave interference is shown.As a function of the generalized angle between signal and interferences,the formula for evaluatingsystem gain is derived.The corresponding numerical results are presented.We conclude that thelinmiting resolution ability depends not only on the generalized angle,but also on the interference tonoise ratio.Some concrete examples are illustrated.The othet problem considered in this paperis the dynamic range of optimum weight coefficients.In terms of the solution of the optimum transferfunction in frequency domain,an upper bound of optimum weight coefficients is presented.     

自适应波束成形中最优解在时域和频域中的等价关系

在Wiener的最小均方差准则下,给出频域上最佳滤波器的解。证明了,当把widrow的抽头延迟线看作横向滤波器时,可以用任意精确度逼近频域上的最优解。在某种条件下,时域上最优解的加权系数就是频域上最优传输函数的Fourier展开式的系数。给出这种等价关系的一般表达式和两种不同的证明。最后给出把这些结果用于实际声呐设计的若干例子。