喷雾干燥-固相煅烧法制备球形钛酸狸负极材料的研究

通过喷雾干燥-固相煅烧法制备了球形钛酸钾.不同于传统喷雾干燥工艺采用固态钛源进行制备,本文采用的前驱体是钾盐,分散剂和钛酸四丁酯制备出的硝酸氧钛的混合溶液.由于制备方法中前驱体为原子级均匀分布,化学计量比可精确控制,制备出的材料颗粒细小,粒径、成分分布均匀,电化学性能优异.同时研究了不同钾钛摩尔比以及煅烧温度对球形钛酸钾的形貌和成分的影响,并研究了其作为钾离子电池电极材料的电化学性能.结果表明,钾钛摩尔比为0.816,煅烧温度为 800 ℃时钛酸钾的电化学性能最好,首圈容量 185.1 mAh/g,30 圈后容量为173.9 mAh/g,循环100圈后还有169.7 mAh/g的容量.     

Scattering of Tollmien-Schlichting waves by localized roughness in transonic boundary layers

The laminar-turbulent transition in boundary-layer flows is often affected by wall imperfections, because the latter may interact with either the freestream perturbations or the oncoming boundary-layer instability modes, leading to a modification of the accumulation of the normal modes. The present paper particularly focuses on the latter mechanism in a transonic boundary layer, namely, the effect of a two-dimensional(2 D) roughness element on the oncoming Tollmien-Schlichting(T-S) modes when they propagate through the region of the rapid mean-flow distortion induced by the roughness. The wave scattering is analyzed by adapting the local scattering theory developed for subsonic boundary layers(WU, X. S. and DONG, M. A local scattering theory for the effects of isolated roughness on boundary-layer instability and transition: transmission coefficient as an eigenvalue. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 794, 68–108(2006)) to the transonic regime, and a transmission coefficient is introduced to characterize the effect of the roughness. In the sub-transonic regime, in which the Mach number is close to, but less than, 1, the scattering system reduces to an eigenvalue problem with the transmission coefficient being the eigenvalue; while in the super-transonic regime, in which the Mach number is slightly greater than 1, the scattering system becomes a high-dimensional group of linear equations with the transmission coefficient being solved afterward. In the largeReynolds-number asymptotic theory, the K′arm′an-Guderley parameter is introduced to quantify the effect of the Mach number. A systematical parametric study is carried out,and the dependence of the transmission coefficient on the roughness shape, the frequency of the oncoming mode, and the K′arm′an-Guderley parameter is provided.     

Measured and Predicted Solubility Phase Diagrams of Quaternary Systems LiBr-NaBr-MgBr2-H2O and LiBr-KBr-MgBr2-H2O at 298.15 K

The stable phase equilibria of quaternary systems LiBr-NaBr-MgBr₂-H₂O and LiBr-KBr-MgBr₂-H₂O at 298.15 K were studied by both experimental measurement(isothermal solution saturation method) and theoretical prediction(Pitzer model). The solubilities of the saturated solution have been determined experimentally and two stable phase diagrams and relevant water diagrams of the two quaternary systems were obtained. Results show that quaternary system LiBr-NaBr-MgBr₂-H₂O is hydrate II type as NaBr and NaBr·2H₂O coexistence. Its phase diagram consists of only one invariant point, four univariant curves, and five crystallization fields. The quaternary system LiBr-KBr-MgBr₂-H₂O is a complex type as the double salt KBr·MgBr₂·6H₂O formed. In addition to this double salt, the three single salts LiBr·2H₂O, KBr and MgBr₂·6H₂O also crystallize. In this paper, the solubilities of phase equilibria in above quaternary systems were also calculated by the Pitzer's electrolyte solution model. All the needed parameters can be obtained from the literature or be fitted by experimental data. On the Basis of the experimental and calculated results, the phase diagram of the quaternary system was plotted for comparison. It shows that the calculation results are consistent with the experimental ones.     

Kirchberg’s conjecture in the system of Hilbert space factorable mapping spaces

This study aims to introduce the notions of injectivity, local reflexivity, exactness, and nuclearity in the system(Γ_2~c(·, ·), γ_2~c(·)). We find that every dual operator space is injective in the system(Γ_2~c(·, ·), γ_2~c(·)) and nuclearity is equivalent to exactness in this system. As a corollary, we prove that Kirchberg's conjecture on the equivalence of exactness and local reflexivity for C*-algebras is false in this system, i.e., there exists a C*-algebra A that is locally reflexive in this system but is not exact in this system.     

A Driven Tagged Particle in Symmetric Exclusion Processes with Removals

We consider a driven tagged particle in a symmetric exclusion process on ℤ with a removal rule. In this process, untagged particles are removed once they jump to the left of the tagged particle. We investigate the behavior of the displacement of the tagged particle and prove limit theorems of it: an (annealed) law of large numbers, a central limit theorem, and a large deviation principle. We also characterize a class of ergodic measures for the environment process. Our approach is based on analyzing two auxiliary processes with associated martingales and a regenerative structure. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC     

Proton conductivity study on three CS/IL@fle-MOF membranes

The low-cost, high specific surface area and porosity, controlled pore size, and chemical properties of metal–organic framework (MOF) materials have attracted much attention in the exploration of proton conduction. The method of chemically modifying MOF structures or introducing conductive medium into the holes can effectively improve the proton conductivities of the materials. Here, the structural tunability of ionic liquid (IL) and flexible MOF (fle-MOF) materials are matched to give full play to the conductivity of IL, the framework support, and the microporous effect of MOFs, which achieves the synergistic effect of performance and expands the temperature range of proton transfer. Three kinds of CS/IL@fle-MOF membranes were prepared by combining three fle-MOFs with 1-carboxymethyl-3-methylimidazole (CMMIM) in different proportions to obtain 15 pieces of membranes. The comparative analyses show that CS/IL@fle-MOF membranes have excellent proton conduction performance at a wider temperature range (263–353 K) and lower relative humidity (75% RH). Among them, the proton conductivities of CS/CMMIM@MIL-88A-25% and CS/CMMIM@MIL-88B-125% are up to 1.33 and 1.42 S cm⁻¹ at 75% RH and 353 K, respectively; whereas those of CS/CMMIM@MIL-53(Fe)-75% and CS/CMMIM@MIL-88B-125% reach up to 2.1 × 10⁻³ and 1.28 × 10⁻³ S cm⁻¹ at 75% RH and 263 K, respectively. The E_a of CS/CMMIM@fle-MOFs is in the range of 0.1–0.5 eV, suggesting that the proton transport follows predominantly the typical Grotthuss transfer mechanism. The results of this study indicate that the CS/CMMIM@fle-MOF membranes combinations offer great potential for the design of composite porous proton-conducting materials.     

Rational Development of Remote C−H Functionalization of Biphenyl: Experimental and Computational Studies

A simple and efficient nitrile-directed meta-C−H olefination, acetoxylation, and iodination of biaryl compounds is reported. Compared to the previous approach of installing a complex U-shaped template to achieve a molecular U-turn and assemble the large-sized cyclophane transition state for the remote C−H activation, a synthetically useful phenyl nitrile functional group could also direct remote meta-C−H activation. This reaction provides a useful method for the modification of biaryl compounds because the nitrile group can be readily converted to amines, acids, amides, or other heterocycles. Notably, the remote meta-selectivity of biphenylnitriles could not be expected from previous results with a macrocyclophane nitrile template. DFT computational studies show that a ligand-containing Pd–Ag heterodimeric transition state (TS) favors the desired remote meta-selectivity. Control experiments demonstrate the directing effect of the nitrile group and exclude the possibility of non-directed meta-C−H activation. Substituted 2-pyridone ligands were found to be key in assisting the cleavage of the meta-C−H bond in the concerted metalation–deprotonation (CMD) process.     

消光式核壳二聚体传感器的设计与光谱特性分析

根据ITO/Au纳米核壳二聚体粒子在生物医学领域的应用合理性,设计了一种实时检测生物液体的核壳二聚体探针消光式传感器;由偶极子理论推导出输出波长与外界环境折射率关系;利用MATLAB设计ITO/Au纳米核壳二聚体粒子结构;采用软件DDSCAT7.3结合离散偶极近似法,利用二聚体有效半径模拟计算了300~950nm可见光到红外光波段不同核壳比、二聚体间距、以及不同介质折射率的消光光谱;根据传感芯片折射率与偶极共振、耦合八级共振的响应关系得出ITO/Au二聚体的折射率灵敏特性。与传统Ag/Au核壳纳米粒子相比,ITO/Au纳米核壳二聚体结构引入了可作为传感芯片灵敏性自参考参数的耦合八级共振峰,同时ITO/Au二聚体结构的折射率灵敏度可达到419nm/RIU。这些工作及其结果对制作消光式传感器具有重要的意义。     

考虑制动力影响的大型客车舒适性分析

利用有限元法和动力平衡原理,建立了具有层间接触的沥青路面和13个自由度的大型客车人体三维模型。以不平顺作为激励,随机模拟车流分布,在不同制动情况下,从时域和频域两方面分析人-车-路耦合振动下车辆和人体的动力响应。时域分析采用客观评价标准和主观烦恼率相结合的方法,频域分析考虑人体共振、人的心理和生理因素。结果表明:随着制动力增大,人体的竖向加速度幅值不变,俯仰、侧倾加速度幅值都增大,但是俯仰加速度增幅远大于侧倾加速度的情况,人的舒适性变差,烦恼率增高;在紧急制动时,主频段对人体共振、心理和生理产生的影响很小,但是次主频段与人体某些器官固有频段重合,对人体共振、心理和生理产生的影响是不容忽视的。