Low Ruthenium Content Confined on Boron Carbon Nitride as an Efficient and Stable Electrocatalyst for Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction

To date, only a few noble metal oxides exhibit the required efficiency and stability as oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts under the acidic, high-voltage conditions that exist during proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE). The high cost and scarcity of these catalysts hinder the large-scale application of PEMWE. Here, we report a novel OER electrocatalyst for OER comprised of uniformly dispersed Ru clusters confined on boron carbon nitride (BCN) support. Compared to RuO₂, our BCN-supported catalyst shows enhanced charge transfer. It displays a low overpotential of 164 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm⁻², suggesting its excellent OER catalytic activity. This catalyst was able to operate continuously for over 12 h under acidic conditions, whereas RuO₂ without any support fails in 1 h. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm that the interaction between the N on BCN support and Ru clusters changes the adsorption capacity and reduces the OER energy barrier, which increases the electrocatalytic activity of Ru.     

Phenylboronic acid-functionalized cross-linked chitosan magnetic adsorbents for the magnetic solid-phase extraction of benzoylurea pesticides

In this study, a 4-formylphenylboronic acid-modified cross-linked chitosan magnetic nanoparticle (FPBA@CCHS@Fe₃O₄) was fabricated. The synthesized material was utilized as the magnetic solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the enrichment of six benzoylurea pesticides. In addition to B-N coordination, FPBA@CCHS@Fe₃O₄ interacts with benzoylureas through hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking interaction on account of rich active groups (amino and hydroxyl) and aromatic rings in structure. Compared to traditional extraction methods, less adsorbent (20 mg) and reduced extraction time (3 min) were achieved. The adsorbent also exhibited good reusability (no less than 10 times). Coupled with a high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector, satisfactory recoveries (89.1–103.9%) and an acceptable limit of detection (0.2–0.7 μg/L) were obtained. Under optimized conditions, the established method was successfully applied to the tea infusion samples from six major tea categories with acceptable recoveries ranging from 76.8 to 110%, indicating its application potential for the quantitative detection of pesticides in complex matrices.     

Electrochemiluminescence Enhanced by the Synergetic Effect of Porphyrin and Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes for Uric Acid Detection

The design and exploration of efficient, stable and environmentally compatible organic emitters for an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor is a promising topic. Herein, a novel environmentally-friendly luminophore, ZnBCBTP@MWCNTs, were fabricated via self-assembly of porphyrin molecules (ZnBCBTP) onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The resulting luminophore ZnBCBTP@MWCNTs displayed not only the highly ECL property and but also the good accelerated electron mobility. Then, a label-free ECL biosensor based ZnBCBTP@MWCNTs was constructed for the ultrasensitive detection of uric acid. Excitingly, this proposed ECL biosensor performed a good linear relationship in the range of 0–300 μM with a low detection limit of 1.4 μM, thus offering another reliable and feasible sensing platform for clinical bioanalysis with good selectivity, stability, and repeatability.     

Jump detection in time series nonparametric regression models: a polynomial spline approach

For time series nonparametric regression models with discontinuities, we propose to use polynomial splines to estimate locations and sizes of jumps in the mean function. Under reasonable conditions, test statistics for the existence of jumps are given and their limiting distributions are derived under the null hypothesis that the mean function is smooth. Simulations are provided to check the powers of the tests. A climate data application and an application to the US unemployment rates of men and women are used to illustrate the performance of the proposed method in practice.     

Chiral separation of phenylalanine and tryptophan by capillary electrophoresis using a mixture of β‐CD and chiral ionic liquid ([TBA] [l‐ASP]) as selectors

In this paper, a simple, effective and green capillary electrophoresis separation and detection method was developed for the quantification of underivatized amino acids (dl ‐phenylalanine; dl ‐tryptophan) using β‐Cyclodextrin and chiral ionic liquid ([TBA] [l ‐ASP]) as selectors. Separation parameters such as buffer concentrations, pH, β‐CD and chiral ionic liquid concentrations and separation voltage were investigated for the enantioseparation in order to achieve the maximum possible resolution. A good separation was achieved in a background electrolyte composed of 15 mm sodium tetraborate, 5 mm β‐CD and 4 mm chiral ionic liquid at pH 9.5, and an applied voltage of 10 kV. Under optimum conditions, linearity was achieved within concentration ranges from 0.08 to 10 µg/mL for the analytes with correlation coefficients from 0.9956 to 0.9998, and the analytes were separated in less than 6 min with efficiencies up to 970,000 plates/m. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of amino acid enantiomers in compound amino acids injections, such as 18AA‐I, 18AA‐II and 3AA. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of [(Substituted Phenoxyacetoxy) (Substituted Phenyl)Methyl](Methyl) Phosphinates Containing Fluorine

Abstract

A series of [(substituted phenoxyacetoxy)(substituted phenyl)methyl](methyl)phos- phinates containing fluorine were designed and synthesized. All the synthesized compounds were identified by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H NMR, mass spectrometry. O-methyl [(2-fluorophenoxyacetoxy)(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl](methyl)phosphinate was further analyzed by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Their herbicidal activity against a set of weed species was examined. Some of the compounds showed potential herbicidal activity, which provided some indications for further studies on structure modification.

Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements to view the free supplemental file.     

Synthesis and Herbicidal Activities of Sodium Hydrogen 1-(Substituted Phenoxyacetoxy)Alkylphosphonates

Abstract

A series of sodium hydrogen 1-(substituted phenoxyacetoxy) alkylphosphonates was designed and synthesized. The test for herbicidal activity indicated that most of the phosphonates (8) possessed excellent postemergence herbicidal activities against broadleaf weeds. Especially, 8f and 8g showed the best herbicidal activity against rape and amaranth with more than 95% inhibitory rate.

Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements to view the free supplemental file.     

基于电喷雾电离质谱(ESI-MS)的丙酮稳定同位素标记对N-糖链的相对定量分析方法的研究

建立了一种基于电喷雾电离质谱的丙酮稳定同位素标记对N-糖链进行相对定量的研究方法. 与传统的PNGase F酶水解N-糖链的方法不同,采用非特异性蛋白酶Pronase E对N-糖蛋白进行处理,使N-糖蛋白被酶解为带有一个氨基酸的糖氨酸（Glycan-Asn）,为N-糖链引入了一个氨基活性基团,然后用丙酮对氨基进行标记. 用d₀/d₆丙酮对Ribo B标准糖蛋白的Pronase E酶解产物进行标记,考察了4对d₀/d₆丙酮标记的Glycan-Asn（Man₅～Man₈-Asn）在电喷雾电离质谱中的线性、动态范围以及重现性. 结果表明,在10倍动态范围内,相对定量方法有良好的线性关系（R=0.9981）和重现性（CV<8.7%）. 并将建立的方法应用于不同含量的鸡卵清白蛋白中,进一步验证了该方法的可行性. 研究结果表明,该方法能准确分析样品中N-糖链的含量,对不同样品中N-糖链进行相对定量. 该方法成本低廉,后处理方法简单方便,适于微量样品通量化分析,对差异糖组的研究有一定的意义.     

Thermoplastic Elastomers Based on Ethylene-vinyl Acetate Copolymer and Waste Nitrile Butadiene Rubber Powder Blends Compatibilized by Chlorinated Polyethylene

Thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) based on ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA)/waste nitrile butadiene rubber powder (WNBRP) blends compatibilized by chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) were prepared by melt-compounding. The tensile strength and the elongation at break of the EVA/CPE/WNBRP blends were increased significantly compared with those of the EVA/WNBRP blends. The fracture surfaces of the EVA/CPE/WNBRP blends were smooth; moreover, the WNBRP in the etched EVA/CPE/WNBRP blends were inserted in the EVA matrix tightly. DMA results revealed that when the CPE dosage was 5 phr in the EVA/CPE/WNBRP blend, the Payne effect was weakened significantly.     

Some Improvements on Hermite-Hadamard's Inequalities for $s$-Convex Functions

Using an integral identity for a once differentiable mapping, this paper establishes Hadamard's integral inequalities for $s$-convex and $s$-concave mappings. In particular, our results improve and extend some known ones in the literature. Finally, these inequalities are applied to special means.