Electrochemical glucose sensors have garnered considerable attention because of their attractive prospect in point-of-care testing (POCT). In this review, we firstly introduce the principles and challenges of electrochemical glucose sensors. Subsequently, we present an overview of the application of electrochemical glucose sensors and discuss their advantages and drawbacks. Wearable and implantable devices based on diverse target biofluid and platforms provide a considerable prospect of accurate and continuous monitoring. Thus, we believe that the future development direction of electrochemical glucose sensors is non-invasive, wearable devices and implantable devices with minimally invasive for continuous glucose monitoring in real time. 相似文献
In this paper, we establish some quotient calculus rules in terms of contingent derivatives for the two extended-real-valued functions defined on a Banach space and study a nonsmooth multiobjective fractional programming problem with set, generalized inequality and equality constraints. We define a new parametric problem associated with these problem and introduce some concepts for the (local) weak minimizers to such problems. Some primal and dual necessary optimality conditions in terms of contingent derivatives for the local weak minimizers are provided. Under suitable assumptions, sufficient optimality conditions for the local weak minimizers which are very close to necessary optimality conditions are obtained. An application of the result for establishing three parametric, Mond–Weir and Wolfe dual problems and several various duality theorems for the same is presented. Some examples are also given for our findings.
Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - Cortisol, a steroid hormone, has been confirmed as a kind of biomarker that reflects the stress response of psychobiology and related adverse health... 相似文献
Ricerche di Matematica - The power graph $${\mathcal {P}}_{G}$$ of a finite group G is the graph whose vertex set is G, two distinct vertices are adjacent if one is a power of the other. The order... 相似文献
Candle soot (CS) is a desirable carbon nanomaterial for sensors owing to its highly porous nanostructure and large specific surface area. CS is advantageous in its low-cost and facile preparation compared to graphene and carbon nanotubes, but its pristine nanostructure is susceptible to collapse, hampering its application in electronic devices. This article reports conformal coating of nanoscale crosslinked hydrophilic polymer on CS film using initiated chemical vapor deposition, which well preserved the CS nanostructure and obtained nanoporous CS@polymer composites. Tuning coating thickness enabled composites with different morphologies and specific surface areas. Surprisingly, the humidity sensor made from composite with the lowest filling degree, thus largest specific surface area, showed relatively low sensitivity, which is likely due to its discontinuous structure, thus insufficient conductive channels. Composite sensor with optimum filling degree shows excellent sensing response of more than 103 with the linearity of R2 = 0.9400 within a broad relative humidity range from 11% to 96%. The composite sensor also exhibits outstanding sensing performance compared to literature with low hysteresis (3.00%), a satisfactory response time (28.69 s), and a fast recovery time (0.19 s). The composite sensor is fairly stable and durable even after 24 h soaking in water. Furthermore, embedding a humidity sensor into a face mask realizes real-time monitoring of human breath and cough, suggesting promising applications in respiratory monitoring. 相似文献
The first principle computational screening was performed to investigate the effect of selected dopants for Li3PS4 sulfide solid electrolyte on its ionic conductivity and stability toward moisture. The results suggest that substitution P5+ using isovalent cations whose electronegativity (EN) value is closer to the value of S has more significant effects on the ionic conductivity, whereby W5+ and Sb5+ can improve most. Similarly, aliovalent cation substitutions with compensating changes in the lithium-ion concentration, particularly those with a lower oxidation state and higher EN, such as Cu2+, effectively enhance the lithium-ion conductivity in this structure. For cation dopants, it is found that ionic conductivity improvement of Li3PS4 is the synergetic effect of EN and oxidation number of the dopant as well as the material's lattice parameter change. Oxides of the considered cation dopants can also improve the ionic conductivity of the material but have much lower lithium-ion conductivity than the cases of cation dopants. However, the metal oxide dopants, particularly those derived from soft Lewis' acid cations, show a marginal improvement in moisture stability of the Li3PS4 electrolyte. The effect of halides and metal halide dopants on the lithium-ion conductivity and moisture stability of Li3PS4 electrolyte are also studied. It is found that metal halides are more effective than any other dopants in improving the ionic conductivity of Li3PS4. 相似文献