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1.
We consider the Neumann problem of a 1D stationary Allen–Cahn equation with nonlocal term. Our previous paper [4] obtained a local branch of asymmetric solutions which bifurcates from a point on the branch of odd-symmetric solutions. This paper derives the global behavior of the branch of asymmetric solutions, and moreover, determines the set of all solutions to the nonlocal Allen–Cahn equation. Our proof is based on a level set analysis for an integral map associated with the nonlocal term.  相似文献   
2.
Square‐planar coordinate Ni2+ ions in oxides are exclusively limited to a low‐spin state (S=0) owing to extensive crystal field splitting. Layered oxychalcogenides A2NiIIO2Ag2Se2 (A=Sr, Ba) with the S=1 NiO2 square lattice are now reported. The structural analysis revealed that the Ni2+ ion is under‐bonded by a significant tensile strain from neighboring Ag2Se2 layers, leading to the reduction in crystal field splitting. Ba2NiO2Ag2Se2 exhibits a G‐type spin order at 130 K, indicating fairly strong in‐plane interactions. The high‐pressure synthesis employed here possibly assists the expansion of NiO2 square lattice by taking the advantage of the difference in compressibility in oxide and selenide layers.  相似文献   
3.
In order to construct unique polypeptide architectures, a novel telechelic‐type initiator with two leucine ethyl ester units is designed for chemoenzymatic polymerization. Glycine or alanine ethyl ester is chemoenzymatically polymerized using papain in the presence of the initiator, and the propagation occurs at each leucine ethyl ester unit to produce the telechelic polypeptide. The formation of the telechelic polypeptides is confirmed by 1H NMR and MALDI‐TOF mass spectroscopies. It is revealed by AFM observation that long nanofibrils are formed from the telechelic polyalanine, whereas a conventional linear polyalanine with a similar degree of polymerization shows granule‐like structures. The telechelic polyglycine and polyalanine show the crystalline structures of Polyglycine II and antiparallel β‐sheet, respectively. It is demonstrated that this method to synthesize telechelic‐type polypeptides potentially opens up a pathway to construct novel hierarchical structures by self‐assembly.

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4.
A novel reactive polymer containing cyanate groups in the side chain was prepared by free radical polymerization of a cyanate‐containing monomer, 2‐(4‐cyanatophenyl)ethyl methacrylate ( 1 ). The monomer 1 and its polymer, poly[2‐(4‐cyanatophenyl)ethyl methacrylate] (PCPMA), were stable under the air for a long period. The copolymerization of 1 and methyl methacrylate provided the corresponding copolymers with various cyanate contents. The availability of the cyanate‐containing polymers as a reactive polymer was investigated. Model reaction using 4‐cyanatotoluene revealed that a cyanate group reacted with aliphatic amines, whereas no reaction occurred in the presence of water, alcohols, and aromatic amines under mild conditions. Post‐functionalization of PCPMA was demonstrated using aliphatic amines or diamines. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52, 699–706  相似文献   
5.
Fractal scale-free networks are empirically known to exhibit disassortative degree mixing. It is, however, not obvious whether a negative degree correlation between nearest neighbor nodes makes a scale-free network fractal. Here we examine the possibility that disassortativity in complex networks is the origin of fractality. To this end, maximally disassortative (MD) networks are prepared by rewiring edges while keeping the degree sequence of an initial uncorrelated scale-free network. We show that there are many MD networks with different topologies if the degree sequence is the same with that of the (u,v)-flower but most of them are not fractal. These results demonstrate that disassortativity does not cause the fractal property of networks. In addition, we suggest that fractality of scale-free networks requires a long-range repulsive correlation, in the sense of the shortest path distance, in similar degrees.  相似文献   
6.
Novel block copolymers, poly(3‐hexylthiophene)‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide) (P3HT‐b‐PEO) were synthesized via Suzuki coupling reaction of P3HT and PEO homopolymers. The copolymers were characterized by NMR, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimeter, and UV–vis measurements. A series of devices based on the block copolymers with a fullerene derivative were evaluated after thermal or solvent annealing. The device using P3HT‐b‐PEO showed higher efficiency than using P3HT blend after thermal annealing. Phase‐separated structures in the thin films of block copolymer blends were investigated by atomic force microscopy to clarify the relationship between morphologies constructed by annealing and the device performance. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011  相似文献   
7.
We have reported that intramolecular chain‐transfer reaction takes place in radical polymerization of itaconates at high temperatures and/or at low monomer concentrations. In this article, radical polymerizations of di‐n‐butyl itaconate (DBI) were carried out in toluene at 60 °C in the presence of amide compounds. The 13C‐NMR spectra of the obtained poly(DBI)s indicated that the intramolecular chain‐transfer reaction was suppressed as compared with in the absence of amide compounds. The NMR analysis of DBI and N‐ethylacetamide demonstrated both 1:1 complex and 1:2 complex were formed at 60 °C through a hydrogen‐bonding interaction. The ESR analysis of radical polymerization of diisopropyl itaconate (DiPI) was conducted in addition to the NMR analysis of the obtained poly(DiPI). It was suggested that the suppression of the intramolecular chain‐transfer reaction with the hydrogen‐bonding interaction was achieved by controlling the conformation of the side chain at the penultimate monomeric unit of the propagating radical with an isotactic stereosequence. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 4895–4905, 2004  相似文献   
8.
Radical addition to a glyoxylic oxime ether was accomplished under mild conditions using an alkyl radical generated from a free carboxylic acid via photochemical decarboxylation. The photoreaction provided an efficient route to α-substituted α-aminoesters from carboxylic acids and oxime ether.  相似文献   
9.
Calixarene derivatives 1a , 1b , and 1c containing pendant tert‐butoxycarbonyl (t‐BOC) groups were synthesized in 81, 93, and 83% yields, respectively, by the reaction of C‐methylcalix[4]resorcinarene (CRA), p‐methylcalix[6]arene (MCA), and ptert‐butylcalix[8]arene (BCA) with di‐tert‐butyl dicarbonate using triethylamine as a base in pyridine. Calixarene derivatives 2a , 2b , and 2c containing pendant trimethylsilyl ether (TMSE) groups were obtained in 58, 50, and 82% yields, respectively, by the reaction of CRA, MCA, and BCA with 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexamethyldisilazane using chlorotrimethylsilane as an accelerator in tetrahydrofuran. Calixarene derivatives 3a , 3b , and 3c containing pendant cyclohexenyl ether (CHE) groups were also prepared in 65, 78, and 84% yields, respectively, by the reaction of CRA, MCA, and BCA with 3‐bromocyclohexene using potassium hydroxide as a base as well as tetrabutylammonium bromide as a phase‐transfer catalyst in N‐methyl‐2‐pyrolidone. The photoinduced deprotection of calixarene derivatives 1a – c was examined with bis‐[4‐(diphenylsulfonio)phenyl]sulfide bis(hexafluorophosphate) as a photoacid generator on UV irradiation followed by heating in the film state, and it was found that the deprotection of the t‐BOC groups of 1a proceeded smoothly in high conversion. The deprotection rates of the t‐BOC groups of 1b and 1c were much lower than that of 1a under the same irradiation conditions. The photoinduced deprotection of calixarenes 2b – c containing tetramethylsilane groups as well as 3a – c containing CHE groups were also examined under similar reaction conditions in the film state, and it was found that the deprotection rates of calixarenes 2b – c and 3a – c were lower than those of the corresponding 1a – c calixarenes. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 39: 1481–1494, 2001  相似文献   
10.
Small amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aqueous solution were almost completely adsorbed on barium salts of copper (II) sulphophthalocyanines and cobalt (II) phthalocyanine, which were precipitated from the solution. Recoveries of the PAHs from the precipitates by thermal desorption gas chromatography were 71–95%. The method is useful for the concentration and analysis of medium molecular weight, thermally stable PAHs.  相似文献   
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