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Cavitation erosion is caused in solids exposed to strong pressure waves developing in an adjacent fluid field. The knowledge of the transient distribution of stresses in the solid is important to understand the cause of damaging by comparisons with breaking points of the material. The modeling of this problem requires the coupling of the models for the fluid and the solid. For this purpose, we use a strategy based on the solution of coupled Riemann problems that has been originally developed for the coupling of 2 fluids. This concept is exemplified for the coupling of a linear elastic structure with an ideal gas. The coupling procedure relies on the solution of a nonlinear equation. Existence and uniqueness of the solution is proven. The coupling conditions are validated by means of quasi‐1D problems for which an explicit solution can be determined. For a more realistic scenario, a 2D application is considered where in a compressible single fluid, a hot gas bubble at low pressure collapses in a cold gas at high pressure near an adjacent structure. 相似文献
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Dr. Xiaoming Jie Dr. Qiu Sun Dr. Constantin G. Daniliuc Robert Knitsch Prof. Dr. Michael Ryan Hansen Prof. Dr. Hellmut Eckert Dr. Gerald Kehr Prof. Dr. Gerhard Erker 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,26(6):1269-1273
The active six-membered cyclo-FLP 6 undergoes a rapid P/B addition reaction to carbon dioxide. At elevated temperature, the resulting heterobicyclo[2.2.2]octane derived product 7 undergoes ring opening and equilibrates with the cyclotetramer (7)4 . In the large macrocyclic structure, four monomeric six-membered cyclo-FLP units are connected by four CO2 molecules to form the supramolecular ring system. The P/B cyclo-FLP 6 undergoes a variety of additional cycloaddition reactions. 相似文献
4.
M. Sc. Emre Babaoglu Prof. Dr. Gerhard Hilt 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,26(41):8879-8884
An electrochemical iodine-mediated transformation of enamino-esters for the synthesis of 2H-azirine-2-carboxylates is presented. In addition, a thermic conversion of azirines to 4-carboxy-oxazoles in quantitative yield without purification was described. Both classes 2H-azirines-2-carboxylates and the 4-carboxy-oxazoles are substructures in natural products and therefore are of considerable interest for synthetic and pharmaceutical chemists. The optimization was not performed in a conventional manner with a one-factor-at-a-time process but with a Design of Experiments (DoE) approach. Beside a broad substrate scope the reaction was also employed to a robustness screen, a sensitivity assessment, and complemented with mechanistic considerations from cyclic voltammetry experiments. 相似文献
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Total Synthesis,Stereochemical Assignment,and Field‐Testing of the Sex Pheromone of the Strepsipteran Xenos peckii 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Huimin Zhai Michael Hrabar Regine Gries Prof. Gerhard Gries Prof. Robert Britton 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2016,22(18):6190-6193
The sex pheromone of the endoparasitoid insect Xenos peckii (Strepsiptera: Xenidae) was recently identified as (7E,11E)‐3,5,9,11‐tetramethyl‐7,11‐tridecadienal. Herein we report the asymmetric synthesis of three candidate stereostructures for this pheromone using a synthetic strategy that relies on an sp3–sp2 Suzuki–Miyaura coupling to construct the correctly configured C7‐alkene function. Comparison of 1H NMR spectra derived from the candidate stereostructures to that of the natural sex pheromone indicated a relative configuration of (3R*,5S*,9R*). Chiral gas chromatographic (GC) analyses of these compounds supported an assignment of (3R,5S,9R) for the natural product. Furthermore, in a 16‐replicate field experiment, traps baited with the synthetic (3R,5S,9R)‐enantiomer alone or in combination with the (3S,5R,9S)‐enantiomer captured 23 and 18 X. peckii males, respectively (mean±SE: 1.4±0.33 and 1.1±0.39), whereas traps baited with the synthetic (3S,5R,9S)‐enantiomer or a solvent control yielded no captures of males. These strong field trapping data, in combination with spectroscopic and chiral GC data, unambiguously demonstrate that (3R,5S,9R,7E,11E)‐3,5,9,11‐tetramethyl‐7,11‐tridecadienal is the X. peckii sex pheromone. 相似文献
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Camille Descour Tibor Macko Dario Cavallo Matthew Parkinson Gerhard Hubner Anne Spoelstra Maurizio Villani Robbert Duchateau 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2014,52(10):1422-1434
Stereoblock polypropylenes comprising of iPP and sPP segments are synthesized by polymerization of the following binary system of metallocenes: the Cs‐symmetric [2,7‐t‐Bu2(Flu)2Ph2C(Cp)ZrCl2] and the C2‐symmetric rac‐Me2Si(2‐Me‐4‐Ph‐Ind)2ZrCl2. Blends of samples made either by each catalyst individually (solution blend) with materials obtained with the mixed catalyst system (reactor blend) are compared. The simultaneous presence of MAO and DEZ, enhancing fast and reversible transfer of the growing chains between the two active centers, leads to the formation of a stereoblock microstructure. In this case, low molecular weight polymers are obtained. The junction between the blocks is qualitatively observed in 13C NMR. When made in toluene, the stereoblock material consists of a majority of syndiotactic sequences, whereas the ratio is more equilibrated when the polymerization was conducted in the more polar chlorobenzene. This is confirmed by the results obtained with 13C NMR, CRYSTAF, HT HPLC, DSC, SSA, WAXD, and optical microscopy. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52, 1422–1434 相似文献
9.
Thomas Özgün Dr. Klaus Bergander Dr. Lei Liu Dr. Constantin G. Daniliuc Prof. Dr. Stefan Grimme Dr. Gerald Kehr Prof. Dr. Gerhard Erker 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2016,22(34):11958-11961
The energy profile of a frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) dihydrogen splitting system was determined by a combined experimental kinetic and DFT study. A trimethylene‐bridged phosphane–borane FLP was converted into its endothermic H2‐cleavage product by sequential H+/H? addition. The system could be handled at low temperature, and the kinetics of the H2 elimination were determined to give a rate constant of kHH,exp(299 K)=(2.87±0.1)×10?4 s?1 in solution. The primary kinetic isotope effects were determined; for example, (kHH/kDD)exp=3.19. The system was accurately analyzed by DFT calculations. 相似文献
10.
We propose a form of random forests that is especially suited for functional covariates. The method is based on partitioning the functions' domain in intervals and using the functions' mean values across those intervals as predictors in regression or classification trees. This approach appears to be more intuitive to applied researchers than usual methods for functional data, while also performing very well in terms of prediction accuracy. The intervals are obtained from randomly drawn, exponentially distributed waiting times. We apply our method to data from Raman spectra on boar meat as well as near‐infrared absorption spectra. The predictive performance of the proposed functional random forests is compared with commonly used parametric and nonparametric functional methods and with a nonfunctional random forest using the single measurements of the curve as covariates. Further, we present a functional variable importance measure, yielding information about the relevance of the different parts of the predictor curves. Our variable importance curve is much smoother and hence easier to interpret than the one obtained from nonfunctional random forests. 相似文献