全文获取类型
收费全文 | 338篇 |
免费 | 19篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 224篇 |
晶体学 | 1篇 |
力学 | 1篇 |
数学 | 44篇 |
物理学 | 87篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 5篇 |
2020年 | 8篇 |
2019年 | 3篇 |
2017年 | 8篇 |
2016年 | 18篇 |
2015年 | 14篇 |
2014年 | 18篇 |
2013年 | 18篇 |
2012年 | 25篇 |
2011年 | 24篇 |
2010年 | 12篇 |
2009年 | 19篇 |
2008年 | 10篇 |
2007年 | 8篇 |
2005年 | 6篇 |
2004年 | 9篇 |
2003年 | 6篇 |
2001年 | 6篇 |
2000年 | 4篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 3篇 |
1966年 | 6篇 |
1965年 | 2篇 |
1963年 | 4篇 |
1962年 | 1篇 |
1961年 | 2篇 |
1959年 | 5篇 |
1958年 | 12篇 |
1957年 | 9篇 |
1956年 | 14篇 |
1955年 | 9篇 |
1954年 | 8篇 |
1941年 | 1篇 |
1940年 | 1篇 |
1939年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有357条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Analysis of cellular composition and metabolism at a single-cell resolution allows gaining more information about complex relationships of cells within tissues or whole living organisms by resolving the variance stemming from the cellular heterogeneity. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a perfect analytical tool satisfying the demanding requirements of detecting and identifying compounds present in such ultralow-volume samples of high chemical complexity. However, the method of sampling and sample ionization is crucial in obtaining relevant information. In this work, we present a microfluidic sampling platform that integrates single-cell extraction from MS-incompatible media with electrical cell lysis and nanoESI-MS analysis of human erythrocytes. Hemoglobin alpha and beta chains (300 amol/cell) were successfully identified in mass spectra of single-erythrocyte lysates. 相似文献
2.
Molecular characterization and first report of Cryptosporidium genotypes in human population in the Slovak Republic 下载免费PDF全文
Antónia Petrincová Alexandra Valenčáková Lenka Luptáková František Ondriska Jana Kalinová Monika Halánová Oľga Danišová Pavol Jarčuška 《Electrophoresis》2015,36(23):2925-2930
In our study, we examined 91 fecal samples from five different groups of people containing HIV patients, hemodialysis patients, kidney transplant recipients, immunocompetent humans without clinical signs, and humans with suspected cryptosporidiosis. The purpose of our study was to determine species and genotype composition of representatives of Cryptosporidium spp. using PCR analysis of small subunit ribosomal RNA gene and 60‐kDa glycoprotein gene and examine their phylogenetic relationship. In HIV‐positive/AIDS‐infected group of patients and in hemodialysis patients, no presence of Cryptosporidium species was detected. In two kidney transplant recipients, we detected species/genotypes Cryptosporidium parvum IIaA13G1T1R1 (KT355488) and Cryptosporidium hominis IaA11G2R8 (KT355489) and in two immunocompetent patients with clinical symptoms, we identified Cryptosporidium muris and C. hominis IbA10G2T1 (KT355490). In the group of healthy immunocompetent individuals without clinical signs, we identified species/genotype C. hominis IbA11G2 (KT355491) in one sample. 相似文献
3.
Elucidating the Structure of Chiral Molecules by using Amplified Vibrational Circular Dichroism: From Theory to Experimental Realization 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Sérgio R. Domingos Prof. Dr. František Hartl Prof. Dr. Wybren Jan Buma Prof. Dr. Sander Woutersen 《Chemphyschem》2015,16(16):3363-3373
Recent experimental observations of enhanced vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) in molecular systems with low‐lying electronically excited states suggest interesting new applications of VCD spectroscopy. The theory describing VCD enhancement through vibronic coupling schemes was derived by Nafie in 1983, but only recently experimental evidence of VCD amplification has demonstrated the extent to which this effect can be exploited as a structure elucidation tool to probe local structure. In this Concept paper, we give an overview of the physics behind vibrational circular dichroism, in particular the equations governing the VCD amplification effect, and review the latest experimental developments with a prospective view on the application of amplified VCD to locally probe biomolecular structure. 相似文献
4.
Fashina Bidemi Novák František Kučerík Jiří 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2021,145(6):3031-3039
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - In arid soils, humic acids (HAs) are used as amendments to improve water uptake from the atmosphere. This method of harvesting water involves several... 相似文献
5.
Long Chen František Hartl Howard M. Colquhoun Barnaby W. Greenland 《Tetrahedron letters》2017,58(19):1859-1862
A library of 18 conjugated, rod-like compounds with either one or two viologen residues were synthesized and characterized electrochemically. Containing up to 8 aromatic/heterocyclic rings in conjugation, the members of the library differ in the substitution pattern of electron-withdrawing or -donating groups on the aromatic substituents of the viologen units. The first and second half-wave potentials of each member were found to be linearly correlated with the calculated pKb values of the aromatic end-groups. This relationship will enable the half-wave potentials of related, novel, substituted viologen species to be predicted using a simple, empirical formula. 相似文献
6.
František Kačík Jana Luptáková Pavel Šmíra Adriana Eštoková Danica Kačíková Andrea Nasswettrová Tatiana Bubeníková 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2017,128(2):755-764
Glasses having composition 5Li2O–5ZnO– xBi2O3 –(90 ? x) P2O5 (x = 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mol%) were prepared by the normal melt quenching technique. Nanocomposite glass containing bismuth phosphate BiPO4 nanocrystals was obtained, which can be attributed to homogeneous nucleation process. The formation of BiPO4 nanocrystals was confirmed and characterized by X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry, optical absorption (UV–Vis) and micro-hardness studies. The morphological analysis by XRD and TEM microscopy showed the formation of hexagonal BiPO4 nanocrystals, and its estimated nanocrystalline sizes were found to be varying from 5.35 to 11.53 nm depending on the Bi2O3 concentrations. The density (ρ) and molar volume (V m) were also determined and found to be in compositional dependence. Glass transition temperature (T g) and glass crystallization temperature (T c) were obtained and found to be increased (from 240.0 to 337.2 °C) with increasing Bi2O3 up to 20 mol% and then decreased (from 337.2 to 331.8 °C) due to the structural changes in the glass network. Effect of BiPO4 content on the optical properties had been investigated. From the UV–Vis spectra, it was observed that the fundamental absorption edge shifts toward lower wavelengths, i.e., blueshifts with increasing Bi2O3 mol% up to 20 mol%, and then shifts toward higher wavelengths, i.e., redshifts beyond 20 mol%. It was also observed that the obtained E opt (for indirect and direct transitions) increases with gradual increase in Bi2O3 content up to 20 mol% and then decreases beyond 20 mol%. This may be due to the introduction of Bi cations into the glass network as a network former up to 20 mol% causing a decrease in ΔE values, beyond 20 mol%, the introduction of Bi ions into the glass network interstitially leads to increase the values of ΔE. The optical properties of the present nanocrystallized glasses showed a quantum size dependence, in which the optical band gap energy (E opt) was changed as a function of BiPO4 nanocrystalline sizes. 相似文献
7.
Sylwia Basąg František Kovanda Zofia Piwowarska Andrzej Kowalczyk Katarzyna Pamin Lucjan Chmielarz 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2017,129(3):1301-1311
The Co–Mg–Al mixed metal oxides were prepared by calcination of co-precipitated hydrotalcite-like precursors at various temperatures (600–800 °C), characterised with respect to chemical (AAS) and phase (XRD) composition, textural parameters (BET), form and aggregation of cobalt species (UV–vis-DRS) and their redox properties (H2-TPR, cyclic voltammetry). Moreover, the process of thermal decomposition of hydrotalcite-like materials to mixed metal oxide systems was studied by thermogravimetric method combined with the analysis of gaseous decomposition products by mass spectrometry. Calcined hydrotalcite-like materials were tested as catalysts for methanol incineration. Catalytic performance of the oxides depended on cobalt content, Mg/Al ratio and calcination temperature. The catalysts with lower cobalt content, higher Mg/Al ratio and calcined at lower temperatures (600 or 700 °C) were less effective in the process of methanol incineration. In a series of the studied catalysts, the best results, with respect to high catalytic activity and selectivity to CO2, were obtained for the mixed oxide with Co:Mg:Al molar ratio of 10:57:33 calcined at 800 °C. High activity of this catalyst was likely connected with the presence of a Co–Mg–Al spinel-type phases, containing easy reducible Co3+ cations, formed during high-temperature treatment of the hydrotalcite-like precursor. 相似文献
8.
Tomáš Opravil Petr Ptáček František Šoukal Jaromír Havlica Jiří Brandštetr Lenka Opravilová 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2013,112(3):1401-1406
The expansion effect of laboratory-prepared expansive additives for M-type expansive cement was investigated at the early stage of hydration by the multicell isoperibolic calorimeter and volumetric technique based on Archimedes’ principle. The relative volume changes and heat released during hydration are strongly affected by the content of lime in the expansive additive due to the influence of CaO on the kinetics and mechanism of formation of ettringite. The increasing content of lime favours the formation of monosulphate and its later transformation to ettringite generating expansion stress. The effect of expansive additive on the behaviour of mortar samples was measured as linear elongation of test blocks using Graf-Kaufman dilatometer. Lower or higher content of lime in expansion additive slightly decreases the 7th-day compressive and flexural strength of samples while this effect is negligible for expansive additive with nominal composition of ettringite. 相似文献
9.
10.