页岩气开采中的若干力学前沿问题

页岩气的开采涉及破裂和收集输运两个关键过程.如何实现2000,m以下、复杂地应力作用下、多相复杂介质组分的页岩层内网状裂纹的形成,同时将孔洞、缝隙中的游离、吸附气体进行高效收集,涉及到诸多的核心力学问题.这一工程过程涵盖了力学前沿研究的诸多领域:介质和裂纹从纳米尺度到千米尺度的空间跨越,游离、吸附气体输运过程中微秒以下的时间尺度事件到历经数年开采的时间尺度跨越,不同尺度上流体固体的相互作用,以及压裂过程中通过监测信息反演内部破坏状态等.针对近年来我们国家页岩气勘探开发工作所取得的成就及后续发展中面临的前沿力学问题,在综合介绍页岩气藏的基本特征和开发技术的基础上,以页岩气开采中的若干力学前沿问题为主线,从页岩力学性质及其表征方法、页岩气藏实验模拟技术、页岩气微观流动机制及流固耦合特征、水力压裂过程数值模拟方法、水力压裂过程微地震监测技术、高效环保的无水压裂技术等6个方面的最新研究进展进行了总结和展望,结合页岩气藏开发的工程实践, 深入探究了其中力学关键问题,以期对从事页岩气领域的开发和研究的从业人员提供理论基础, 同时,该方面的内容对力学学科、尤其是岩土力学领域的科研工作也具有重要指导价值.      

基于CVaR准则的折扣回购策略双层风险决策

首先,引入条件风险值(CVaR)准则,作为风险厌恶型的供应商和零售商的决策准则,建立了基于条件风险值(CVaR)准则的折扣回购策略双层风险决策模型.然后,导出了零售商在批发价格下的最优订购公式,证明了订购量随着折扣增大而增大,随着批发价格增大而减小,数值实验表明供应商可以通过折扣和批发价来分担零售商的风险损失,来使供应链达到协调.     

Generation and Quantum Interference of Entangled Electron-Hole Pairs in a Hanbury Brown and Twiss Interferometer

The Hanbury Brown-Twiss interferometer is proposed to serve as a detector of the crossed Andreev reflection and to generate entangled electron-hole pairs. It is shown that the non-local electron and hole induced by the crossed Andreev reflection are entangled. Quantum interference of the entangled electron-hole pairs gives rise to a new measurable effect of the phase difference between two superconductors in the cross correlation. The present theoretical predictions can be experimentally realized within the present-day microelectronic technology.     

0-π transition induced by the barrier strength in spin superconductor Josephson junctions

The Andreev-like levels and the free energy of the spin superconductor/insulator/spin superconductor junction are obtained by using the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equation. The phase dependence of the spin supercurrents exhibits a 0-π transition by changing the barrier strength. The dependences of the critical current on the barrier strength and the temperature are also presented.     

Incompatibility of d—Wave Pairing and Ferromagnetism in a Uniform System

We discuss the possibility of coexistence of d -wave superconductivity and ferromagnetism in a two-dimensional model on the assumption that the same electrons are responsible for both the pairing order and the ferromagnetic order,The calculated results indicate that the coexistence is difficult to be realized in a uniform system.     

基于差价补偿策略的斯塔克尔伯格博弈协调优化

以智能产品为研究对象,建立了差价补偿策略下制造商与销售商的博弈模型,分别通过纳什均衡博弈和斯塔克尔伯格博弈协调优化对制造商和销售商的决策行为进行探讨,得到了Nash均衡下制造商与销售商之间交易策略,讨论了斯塔克尔伯格博弈下制造商的最优订购、最优补偿系数和销售商的订购量之间关系,提出了求解在给定补偿系数下斯塔克尔伯格博弈协调优化的近似最优批发价与最优订购量的算法。通过数值实验表明,制造商占优势地位时,差价补偿策略能实现整体供应链的协调优化,提高销售商的订购量以及制造商和销售商的利润,说明差价补偿策略可以有效地改善零供关系。     

All-electrically reading out and initializing topological qubits with quantum dots

We analyze the reading and initialization of a topological qubit encoded by Majorana fermions in one-dimensional semiconducting nanowires, weakly coupled to a single level quantum dot （QD）. It is shown that when the Majorana fermions are fused by tuning gate voltage, the topological qubit can be read out directly through the occupation of the QD in an energy window. The initialization of the qubit can also be realized via adjusting the gate voltage on the QD, with the total fermion parity conserved. As a result, both reading and initialization processes can be achieved in an all-electrical way.     

一种双层规划的光滑化目标罚函数算法

论文研究了一种双层规划的光滑化目标罚函数算法,在一些条件下,证明了光滑化罚优化问题等价于原双层规划问题,而且,当下层规划问题是凸规划问题时, 给出了一个求解算法和收敛性证明.     

All-electric-controlled spin current switching in single-molecule magnet-tunnel junctions

A single-molecule magnet (SMM) coupled to two normal metallic electrodes can both switch spin-up and spin-down electronic currents within two different windows of SMM gate voltage. Such spin current switching in the SMM tunnel junction arises from spin-selected single electron resonant tunneling via the lowest unoccupied molecular orbit of the SMM. Since it is not magnetically controlled but all-electrically controlled,the proposed spin current switching effect may have potential applications in future spintronics.     

Coupling-matrix approach to the Chern number calculation in disordered systems

The Chern number is often used to distinguish different topological phases of matter in two-dimensional electron systems. A fast and efficient coupling-matrix method is designed to calculate the Chern number in finite crystalline and disordered systems. To show its effectiveness, we apply the approach to the Haldane model and the lattice Hofstadter model, and obtain the correct quantized Chern numbers. The disorder-induced topological phase transition is well reproduced, when the disorder strength is increased beyond the critical value. We expect the method to be widely applicable to the study of topological quantum numbers.