Synthesis of flower-like WS2 by chemical vapor deposition

Flower-like tungsten disulfide (WS₂) with a diameter of 5-10 μm is prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), Raman spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy are used to characterize its morphological and optical properties, and its growth mechanism is discussed. The key factors for the formation of flower-like WS₂ are determined. Firstly, the cooling process causes the generation of nucleation dislocations, and then the "leaf" growth of flower-like WS₂ is achieved by increasing the temperature.     

Rational Design of Two-Dimensional Magnetic Chromium Borides Based on First-Principles Calculation

Two-dimensional(2D) magnetic materials have been experimentally recognized recently,however,the Curie temperatures(TC) of known 2D systems are quite low.Generally,magnetic systems can be seen as constituent magnetic elements providing spins and the non-magnetic elements providing frameworks to host the magnetic elements.Short bond lengths between the magnetic and non-magnetic elements would be beneficial for strong magnetic interactions and thus high TC.Based on this,we propose to combine the magnetic element Cr and the non-magnetic element boron to design novel 2D magnetic systems.Using our self-developed software package IM2 ODE,we design a series of chromium-boride based 2D magnetic materials.Nine stable magnetic systems are identified.Among them,we find that CrB4-Ⅰ,CrB4-Ⅱ and CrBs-Ⅰ with common structural units [CrB8] are ferromagnetic metals with estimated TC of 270 K,120 K and 110 K,respectively.On the other hand,five CrB3 phases with structural units [Cr2B12] are antiferromagnetic metals.Additionally,we also find one antiferromagnetic semiconductor CrB2-Ⅰ.Our work may open new directions for identifying 2D magnetic systems with high TC.     

基于分块压缩感知理论的太赫兹波宽光束成像技术

提出了一种基于分块压缩感知理论的太赫兹波宽光束成像技术。模拟结果显示,该技术可以实现高分辨率、高质量的快速成像。采用连续太赫兹波CO_2气体激光器光源,基于宽光束矩阵调制采样,对不同物体进行了分块压缩感知成像,并与基于单像素随机采样的分块压缩感知方法进行了对比。结果表明,所提技术具有更高的成像稳定性,且其采样过程对不同成像物体的普适性更好。     

过渡层厚度对Be/CuCrZr热等静压连接性能影响

在铍上用物理气相沉积(PVD)镀上10μmTi 和10μmCu，再添加不同厚度的(分别为0.00mm、0.25mm、 0.50mm、0.75mm、1.00mm)无氧铜作为中间过渡层，与CuCrZr/316L(N)复合板基座铜合金侧通过热等静压连接。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)与电子探针(EPMA)、X 射线衍射仪(XRD)、剪切试验等方法确定了界面组织与性能。试验结果表明：各厚度无氧铜模块连接成功，界面无裂纹、空洞等缺陷，钛铜间出现三层明显的反应层，分别为CuTi₂、CuTi 以及Cu₄Ti。添加无氧铜厚度越大，剪切强度越大。     

A reconfigurable terahertz polarization converter based on metal–graphene hybrid metasurface

A metal-graphene hybrid metasurface polarization converter is designed in this Letter.The unit cell of the hybrid metasurface is composed of a butterfly-shaped structure whose branches are connected by multi-layer graphene sheets.The proposed device can be reconfigured from linear-to-circular polarization to cross-polarization by changing the Fermi energy of graphene.The simulation results show that for three-layer graphene,the device acts as a linear-to-circular polarization converter when EF=0 eV and switches to a cross-polarization converter when EF=0.5 eV.Compared with single-layer graphene,the device with three-layer graphene can maintain the cross-polarization conversion performance under low Fermi energy.Furthermore,two equivalent circuits in the x and y directions are developed to understand the working mechanism of the device.     

纳米孔壁面作用对蛋白质过孔影响的粗粒化分子动力学模拟

基于粗粒化分子动力学方法模拟电驱动蛋白质过孔过程，研究纳米孔-水/纳米孔-蛋白质相互作用对电泳迁移率的影响；用操控式分子动力学模拟分析蛋白质在不同相互作用下过孔摩擦系数和摩擦阻力.研究发现：蛋白质黏附纳米孔壁面对其过孔特性影响并不明显，而纳米孔-水相互作用对蛋白质过孔电泳迁移率和摩擦系数影响较大.随纳米孔-水相互作用增强，纳米孔壁面与蛋白质附近水分子运动差异显现，蛋白质过孔摩擦阻力显著增大，过孔摩擦系数随之增大，进而影响蛋白质过孔电泳迁移率.所得结果可为纳米孔材料设计提供理论指导.     

提纯烟气脱硫渣载氧体煤化学链燃烧性能研究

基于电厂烟气脱硫渣,采用多步酸洗工艺加以提纯并制备获得CaSO_4载氧体。在高温固定床反应器上研究了还原反应温度、载氧体过量系数Φ、多次还原氧化循环等因素对提纯脱硫渣载氧体与煤化学链燃烧特性和气相硫演化规律的影响。结果表明,提纯脱硫渣载氧体有较高的反应活性,能够促进煤的充分转化;综合考虑碳的转化以及气相硫释放的抑制,最优反应工况中还原反应温度确定为900℃、载氧体过量系数Φ=1.0为最佳。经过五次还原氧化循环实验发现,随着循环次数的增加,CaSO_4副反应的进行及气相硫的不断释放,导致提纯脱硫渣载氧体循环反应活性略有降低,反应稳定性受到了一定的影响。     

γ-Al2O3颗粒溶液浸润过程的原位磁共振成像

在催化剂的制备过程中,常采用浸渍法将金属或活性相负载到多孔固体载体上以获得高性能的负载型催化剂;在浸渍过程中溶剂对载体的浸润能力和效果对负载活性组分的分布和状态至关重要,进而会影响催化剂的催化性能.本文利用磁共振成像(MRI)技术开展了溶剂对γ-Al₂O₃颗粒浸润过程的原位研究.评估了自旋回波(SE)、梯度回波(GRE)和超短时间回波(UTE) 3种不同MRI序列的成像效果,发现UTE序列在观测短横向弛豫时间(T₂)值的¹H MRI信号方面展现出优越的性能,应用小激发角和短恢复时间(TR)可以获得比SE和GRE序列更高时间分辨率(<1 min)的动态图像.利用UTE序列对γ-Al₂O₃在不同极性溶剂中的浸渍过程进行了原位监测,发现极性溶剂水和甲醇均表现出典型的自由扩散过程,即溶剂从颗粒的外缘逐渐扩散到其中心直至饱和;非极性溶剂环己烷展现了不同的浸润行为,γ-Al₂O₃颗粒的整体¹H M...     

硼、磷共掺杂铁钴双金属材料的制备及其电催化析氧性能

采用一步水热法合成了硼、磷共掺杂铁钴材料(Fe-Co-B-P)。借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等技术对所合成材料的形貌、结构和组成进行表征。利用线性扫描伏安(LSV)、循环伏安(CV)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等技术研究材料电化学析氧反应(OER)性能。结果表明,Fe-Co-B-P表面疏松且粗糙,颗粒间有许多空隙。在电流密度为10和100 mA·cm^-2时,其过电势分别为278和309 mV,Tafel斜率为24 mV·dec^-1,说明该材料具有较优的电催化析氧性能。其在连续进行10 h的计时电位测试过程中,电势基本保持在1.55 V(vs RHE),表明该催化剂具有较好的电化学稳定性。这是由于铁钴双金属与硼、磷非金属之间的协同作用促进了电子的传递。