轴向脉冲磁场增强金属射流侵彻穿深能力的因素

为掌握轴向脉冲磁场对金属射流的作用规律，基于破甲弹金属射流对目标的作用原理及磁场与金属射流之间的相互作用关系，设计了励磁线圈对破甲弹金属射流作用的试验系统，并开展了相关实弹试验，突破了金属射流形成和励磁线圈脉冲电流产生之间时序匹配的关键技术，得出了使金属射流发生有效变形的合理储能电容器组电参数和励磁线圈结构参数。试验结果表明，当电容器电压为5 kV、电容为1 200 μF、励磁线圈长度为50 mm时，破甲弹金属射流对目标靶板的侵彻穿深增量最大，破甲效果最佳；各因素对破甲弹金属射流侵彻穿深能力影响程度由大到小分别是电容器组充电电压、电容器组电容、线圈长度。研究成果为破甲弹威力电磁增强技术可行性论证、原理试验及励磁线圈结构设计提供了重要的理论和技术支撑。     

Rational Design of Two-Dimensional Magnetic Chromium Borides Based on First-Principles Calculation

Two-dimensional(2D) magnetic materials have been experimentally recognized recently,however,the Curie temperatures(TC) of known 2D systems are quite low.Generally,magnetic systems can be seen as constituent magnetic elements providing spins and the non-magnetic elements providing frameworks to host the magnetic elements.Short bond lengths between the magnetic and non-magnetic elements would be beneficial for strong magnetic interactions and thus high TC.Based on this,we propose to combine the magnetic element Cr and the non-magnetic element boron to design novel 2D magnetic systems.Using our self-developed software package IM2 ODE,we design a series of chromium-boride based 2D magnetic materials.Nine stable magnetic systems are identified.Among them,we find that CrB4-Ⅰ,CrB4-Ⅱ and CrBs-Ⅰ with common structural units [CrB8] are ferromagnetic metals with estimated TC of 270 K,120 K and 110 K,respectively.On the other hand,five CrB3 phases with structural units [Cr2B12] are antiferromagnetic metals.Additionally,we also find one antiferromagnetic semiconductor CrB2-Ⅰ.Our work may open new directions for identifying 2D magnetic systems with high TC.     

外加电磁场下周期性体系的第一性原理计算方法

电磁场对物质性质的影响和调控一直是科学研究的核心议题.然而,在计算凝聚态物理领域,由于传统的密度泛函理论并不能轻易推广至含有外加电磁场的情景,且外场往往会破缺周期性体系原本具有的平移对称性,从而使得布洛赫定理失效.因此,利用第一性原理方法计算外场作用下的物质性质并非易事,特别是在外场不能被视为微扰的情况下.在过去的二十年中,许多计算凝聚态物理学者致力于构建和发展适用于有限外场下周期性体系的第一性原理计算方法.本文旨在系统地回顾这些理论方法及其在铁电、压电、铁磁、多铁等领域的应用.本文首先简要介绍现代电极化理论,并阐述基于此理论以及密度泛函理论,构建出两种用于有限电场下计算的方法.然后探讨将外磁场纳入密度泛函理论,并对相关的现有计算手段以及所面临的挑战进行讨论.接着回顾了被广泛用于研究磁性、铁电和多铁体系的第一性原理有效哈密顿量方法,以及该方法在考虑外场时的延伸.最后,介绍了当下备受瞩目的利用机器学习中的神经网络方法构建有效哈密顿量模型的发展成果及在考虑外场下的拓展.     

具时滞的Hopfield网络周期解的指数稳定性

The paper is devoted to periodic attractor of delayed Hopfield neural networks with time-varying.By constructing Lyapunov functionals and using inequality techniques,some new sufficient criteria are obtained to guarantee the existence and global exponential stability of periodic attractor.Our results improve and extend some existing ones in[13～14].One example is also worked out to demonstrate the advantages of our results.     

非线性常微分系统的稳定性

用矩阵的Lozinskii测度的方法，得到了非线性常微分系统的一些稳定性准则，导出了关于非线性系统,x′=A（t）x（t）＋R（t，x）稳定性的充要条件．     

关于两个特殊数列的注记

文献［１］、［２］中介绍过下面两个数列：例１数列１２,１１２２,１１１２２２…每一项都是两相邻整数之积．例２数列４９,４４８９,４４４８８９…每一项都是一个完全平方数．上述两个数列结构特殊,结论有趣,电视系列讲座《让我们教猜想吧》也曾引用过．遗憾的是...     

一类分数阶p-Laplacian差分方程边值问题正解的存在性

研究一类带p-Laplacian算子的分数阶差分方程边值问题.利用格林函数的特征性质、压缩映射原理及锥上的不动点定理等非线性方法,获得了该分数阶pLaplacian差分方程边值问题解的唯一性及正解的存在性条件,举例说明了所得结论的正确性.     

Computational studies on magnetism and ferroelectricity

Magnetics, ferroelectrics, and multiferroics have attracted great attentions because they are not only extremely important for investigating fundamental physics, but also have important applications in information technology. Here, recent computational studies on magnetism and ferroelectricity are reviewed. We first give a brief introduction to magnets, ferroelectrics, and multiferroics. Then, theoretical models and corresponding computational methods for investigating these materials are presented. In particular, a new method for computing the linear magnetoelectric coupling tensor without applying an external field in the first principle calculations is proposed for the first time. The functionalities of our home-made Property Analysis and Simulation Package for materials (PASP) and its applications in the field of magnetism and ferroelectricity are discussed. Finally, we summarize this review and give a perspective on possible directions of future computational studies on magnetism and ferroelectricity.     

装甲结构对被动电磁装甲防护射流性能的影响

为了实现被动电磁装甲对射流产生更加充分的破坏作用,减小装甲结构设计对射流参数的依赖性,提出了多层板结构被动电磁装甲。通过对多层板装甲等效电路的分析可知,在射流电阻占系统电阻主导的情况下,随着装甲板层数的增加,通过射流和装甲板的脉冲电流将大大提高。同时对多层装甲板电感计算可知,多层装甲板能够有效减小系统电感。通过对射流在多层装甲板间运动规律的分析,建立了脉冲电流对射流作用的数学模型,通过数值计算可知多层装甲板结构能有效减小射流头部和尾部的有效侵彻长度,并增加脉冲电流对射流的作用时间。     

Microscopic Magnetic Origin of Rhombohedral Distortion in NiO

Numerous investigations have been conducted to explore the structural phase transition in antiferromagnetic 3d transition metal monoxides accompanied by appearance of magnetic phase transition. However, how the spins induce distortion in the high symmetric structure has not yet been fully understood. In this study, the monoxide Ni O is used as an example to investigate what lowers the structural symmetry. By comparing two different magnetic structures, our results reveal that the spin–lattice co...