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对一个3维流形的任何一组彼此不相交的非过剩的双侧可压缩曲面集所含有的元素个数证明了是有上界的,记为No(M).记L0(M)为M的薄形分解的长度,则有L0(M)≤N0(M) |(e)M|,记L0(V ∪ W)为M的Heegaard分解M=V ∪ W的薄形分解的长度,则对M的任意不可稳定化的Heegaard分解都有L0(V ∪ W)≤N0(W) |(e)M|. 相似文献
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Let K be a knot in a 3-sphere S^3 and N( K ) be a regular neighbourhood of K in S^3. Let Mk = S^3 - intN (K), and T = э Mk. A slope r in T is a T-isotopy class of essential, unoriented, simple, closed curves in T. The distance between two slopes r1 and r2 in T, 相似文献
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§1. IntroductionLetMbeacompact,orientable,irreducible,-irreducible,anannular,atoroidal3-manifoldwithonecomponentTofMatorus.AsloperonTisaT-isotopyclassofessential,unorient-ed,simpleclosedcurvesonT,andthedistancebetweentwoslopesr1andr2,denotedby△(r1,… 相似文献
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In this paper, we will characterize all types of essential closed surfaces in a class of surface sum ofI-bundle of closed surfaces, and give an application of the classificatioa in the surface sum of two 3-manifolds. 相似文献
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1 IntroductionLet M be a manifold (possibly with boundary), and F : M → M be continuous. Call a closed invariant set A (?) M an adic attractor of f if it attracts almost all points (in the sense of Lebesgue measure) and the restriction f|A is topologically conjugate to an adic system. Such an attractor A is called n-adic if the restriction f|A can be topologically conjugate the n-adic system. 相似文献
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Let M be a manifold (possibly with boundary), and f:M→M be continuous. Call a closed invariant set A包含M an adic attractor of f if it attracts almost all points (in the sense of Lebesgue measure) and the restriction f|A is topologically conjugate to an adic system. Such an attractor A is called n-adic if the restriction flA can be topologically conjugate the n-adic system. 相似文献