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排序方式: 共有563条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Minoru Koyama Dr. Takafumi Kawakami Dr. Takashi Okazoe Prof. Dr. Kyoko Nozaki 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,25(46):10913-10917
Methacrylic esters, represented by methyl methacrylate (MMA), are widely used as commodity chemicals. Here, the one-pot synthesis of methacrylic esters from acetone, a haloform and alcohols in the presence of an organic base is described. Using DBU as the organic base for the reaction of acetone, chloroform and methanol in acetonitrile afforded MMA in 66 % yield. When the solvent was replaced by benzonitrile, the product MMA was successfully purified by distillation. Applicability of this process to various alcohols was also investigated to show ethyl, phenyl, CF3CH2, and n-C6F13CH2CH2 esters were obtained in moderate yields. The use of bromoform instead of chloroform resulted in the improvement of the yield, for example, methyl and n-C6F13CH2CH2 esters up to 81 and 70 %, respectively. The reaction with deuterated starting materials acetone-d6 and MeOH-d4, with DBU in acetonitrile afforded deuterated MMA (MMA-d8) in 70 % yield. 相似文献
2.
3.
Masataka Sugimoto Hirokazu Hida Takashi Taniguchi Kiyohito Koyama Yuji Aoki 《Rheologica Acta》2007,46(7):957-964
Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)/di-isononyl phthalate systems with PVC content of 45.5 (PVC8) and 70.4 wt% (PVC6) were prepared
by a hot roller at 150 °C and press molded at 180 °C. The dynamic viscoelasticity and elongational viscosity of PVC8 and PVC6
were measured in the temperature range from 150 to 220 °C. We have found that the storage and loss shear moduli, G′ and G″, of PVC8 and PVC6 exhibited the power-law dependence on the angular frequency ω at 190 and 210 °C, respectively. Correspondingly, the tan δ values did not depend on ω. These temperatures indicate the critical gel temperature T
gel of each system. The critical relaxation exponent n obtained from these data was 0.75 irrespective of PVC content, which was in agreement with the n values reported previously for the low PVC concentration samples. These results suggest that the PVC gels of different plasticizer
content have a similar fractal structure. Below T
gel, the gradual melting of the PVC crystallites takes place with elevating temperature, and above T
gel, a densely connected network throughout the whole system disappears. Correspondingly, the elongational viscosity behavior
of PVC8 and PVC6 exhibited strong strain hardening below T
gel, although it did not show any strain hardening above T
gel. These changes in rheological behavior are attributed to the gradual melting of the PVC crystallites worked as the cross-linking
domains in this physical gel, thereby inapplicability of the of time–temperature superposition for PVC/plasticizer systems. 相似文献
4.
Associate Prof. A. Nakayama Ph.D. Prof. H. Koyama Dr.-Eng. 《Heat and Mass Transfer》1985,19(3):211-216
The laminar film boiling is analyzed by means of an integral procedure. The method treats the film boiling as a two phase boundary layer problem; thereby the effect of the interfacial shear on the heat transfer rate can be investigated. The problem is attacked by simultaneously solving the vapor and liquid boundary layer equations. An extensive comparison of the predicted results with the exact solutions substantiates the validity of the present integral procedure. Even the details of the velocity and temperature profiles turn out to be in close agreement with the exact solutions. 相似文献
5.
Hiroshi Kimura Koichiro Aikawa Yuichi Masubuchi Jun-ichi Takimoto K. Koyama Keiji Minagawa 《Rheologica Acta》1998,37(1):54-60
The mechanism of the electrorheological (ER) effect in two types of liquid crystalline polymer (LCP)/dimethylsiloxane (DMS)
blends was investigated by rheological measurements and by structure observation under electric field and shear flow. The
results show that the phase structures of these immiscible blends can be categorized into slipping (low viscosity) and non-slipping
(high viscosity) states. In the non-slipping state, higher viscosity LCP domains connect the electrodes. In the slipping state,
on the other hand, LCP domains do not connect the electrodes and the shear is mainly confined in the lower viscosity DMS domains.
The ER effect (electrically induced viscosity increase) originates from the electrically induced slipping to non-slipping
transition. In one of the blends, the ER effect occurs only at high shear rate, since this blend is in non-slipping state
even under no field if the shear rate is low.
Received: 29 April 1997 Accepted: 3 November 1997 相似文献
6.
A. Nakayama Ph. D. A. V. Shenoy Ph. D. H. Koyama Dr. Eng. 《Heat and Mass Transfer》1986,20(3):219-227
A theoretical analysis has been proposed for the forced convection heat transfer from external surfaces immersed in non-Newtonian fluids of the power-law model. The integral treatment previously introduced for Newtonian fluids has been successfully extended to the non-Newtonian fluids over a flat plate and a wedge of an arbitrary included angle. The integral momentum and energy equations are transformed into a pair of characteristic equations, which can readily be solved for the velocity shape factor and the boundary layer thickness ratio, once the exponents in the expressions for the power-law model, free stream velocity and wall temperature variation are specified. It has been also found that an asymptotic expression derived under the assumption of large Prandtl number, is valid practically for all power-law fluids, and hence, can be used for a speedy, and yet accurate estimation of the local heat transfer to non-Newtonian fluids. 相似文献
7.
An analysis was made to investigate non-Darcian fully developed flow and heat transfer in a porous channel bounded by two parallel walls subjected to uniform heat flux. The Brinkmanextended Darcy model was employed to study the effect of the boundary viscous frictional drag on hydrodynamic and heat transfer characteristics. An exact expression has been derived for the Nusselt number under the uniform wall heat flux condition. Approximate results were also obtained by exploiting a momentum integral relation and an auxiliary relation implicit in the Brinkmanextended Darcy model. Excellent agreement was confirmed between the approximate and exact solutions even in details of velocity and temperature profiles. 相似文献
8.
An integral treatment was proposed for analysis of non-Darcy free convection over a vertical flat plate and cone within a fluid-saturated porous medium. A flexible one-parameter family of third order polynomials was employed to cope with vast changes in the velocity and temperature profiles encountered in the Darcy flow limit through to the Forchheimer flow limit. Zero curvature requirement for the temperature profile at the wall was exploited as an auxiliary relation to determine the shape parameter. Comparison of the approximate results with the exact solution reveals a high performance of the present integral procedure for heat transfer rat prediction. 相似文献
9.
Polystyrene sulfonic acid resin (Amberlyst 15) was found to initiate the cationic polymerization of 1,3-dioxolane easily in bulk at 0 to 50° C, and polymers with a reduced viscosity of 0.1 were obtained. However, this resin showed only low initiator activity for the polymerizations of 2-methyl-1, 3-dioxolane and trioxane. 相似文献
10.
Bo Huang Hirokazu Kobayashi Tomokazu Yamamoto Takaaki Toriyama Syo Matsumura Yoshihide Nishida Katsutoshi Sato Katsutoshi Nagaoka Masaaki Haneda Wei Xie Yusuke Nanba Michihisa Koyama Fenglong Wang Shogo Kawaguchi Yoshiki Kubota Hiroshi Kitagawa 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,131(8):2252-2257
Ru is an important catalyst in many types of reactions. Specifically, Ru is well known as the best monometallic catalyst for oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO) and has been practically used in residential fuel cell systems. However, Ru is a minor metal, and the supply risk often causes violent fluctuations in the price of Ru. Performance‐improved and cost‐reduced solid‐solution alloy nanoparticles of the Cu‐Ru system for CO oxidation are now presented. Over the whole composition range, all of the CuxRu1?x nanoparticles exhibit significantly enhanced CO oxidation activities, even at 70 at % of inexpensive Cu, compared to Ru nanoparticles. Only 5 at % replacement of Ru with Cu provided much better CO oxidation activity, and the maximum activity was achieved by 20 at % replacement of Ru by Cu. The origin of the high catalytic performance was found as CO site change by Cu substitution, which was investigated using in situ Fourier transform infrared spectra and theoretical calculations. 相似文献