首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   18087篇
  免费   3560篇
  国内免费   2621篇
化学   13549篇
晶体学   231篇
力学   1047篇
综合类   211篇
数学   1868篇
物理学   7362篇
  2024年   10篇
  2023年   359篇
  2022年   452篇
  2021年   585篇
  2020年   844篇
  2019年   851篇
  2018年   712篇
  2017年   681篇
  2016年   856篇
  2015年   907篇
  2014年   1153篇
  2013年   1478篇
  2012年   1876篇
  2011年   1930篇
  2010年   1382篇
  2009年   1292篇
  2008年   1370篇
  2007年   1256篇
  2006年   1124篇
  2005年   934篇
  2004年   669篇
  2003年   501篇
  2002年   550篇
  2001年   478篇
  2000年   325篇
  1999年   315篇
  1998年   247篇
  1997年   188篇
  1996年   150篇
  1995年   128篇
  1994年   113篇
  1993年   110篇
  1992年   97篇
  1991年   94篇
  1990年   67篇
  1989年   49篇
  1988年   34篇
  1987年   16篇
  1986年   14篇
  1985年   15篇
  1984年   15篇
  1983年   9篇
  1982年   6篇
  1981年   6篇
  1980年   5篇
  1979年   5篇
  1971年   2篇
  1959年   4篇
  1957年   2篇
  1936年   1篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
利用微环谐振腔阵列进行光码分多址编解码过程中,微环谐振腔反射谱的自由频谱宽度(FSR)范围制约该系统用户容量的提升.本文提出了一种新型的基于游标效应的串联哑铃型微环谐振腔光编解码器.利用Matlab建立了半径分别为40μm-30μm-40μm的哑铃型微环谐振腔光编解码器模型.详细分析了光反射谱伪模抑制与耦合系数的关系,研究了耦合系数、码片速率对串联哑铃型微环谐振腔光编解码器性能的影响.结果表明,与半径分别为40μm-40μm-40μm的传统串联微环谐振腔编解码器相比,哑铃型微腔编解码器FSR值扩大了4倍.理想情况下,用户容量可呈指数增长.同时,互相关峰值比(P/W)与自相关峰值旁瓣比(P/C)分别提高了约33%和8%.  相似文献   
2.
现场水体光谱观测是水体光学性质、水色遥感反演建模等研究不可或缺的基础性工作之一。常规的倾斜观测方法受其较为严格的观测几何条件限制, 需要依据船体位置、太阳方位等不断调整观测角度,特别是针对河道水体光谱观测时,还须考虑河道走向、岸线遮蔽物等情况,因此,只能设置若干站点进行离散样点的观测,难以在岸线环境较为复杂的河道水体开展连续走航快速观测。而现场水体光谱连续走航快速观测能够获取不同地方时的大样本水体反射光谱,丰富对水体二向反射特征的认识,并建立更精确的反演模型,在水色遥感研究中具有极其重要的作用。鉴于此,设计了一种基于垂直观测几何方式的内陆河道表层水体反射光谱连续走航快速观测方法,并通过时空匹配技术获取整个河道的全波长遥感反射率数据。在杭州西小江部分河段的试验表明,该方法获取的遥感反射率与同步实测的叶绿素浓度、浊度等水色组分的相关性较强,选取的特征波段获得的确定系数R2均大于0.855。Sentinel-2的观测天顶角接近于0,近乎于垂直观测。该研究使用Sentinel-2B的光谱响应函数对实测光谱进行等效光谱模拟,转换为相应波段的等效遥感反射率,反演结果与基于Sen2Cor的大气校正后的遥感反射率数据进行建模,分析结果表明,基于Sen2Cor的大气校正后的遥感反射率数据存在高估现象,同时又用Sentinel-2B的大气表观反射率反推辐射亮度,然后用FLAASH大气校正获取Sentinel-2B的遥感反射率数据,经与实测等效遥感反射率建模分析发现,基于FLAASH的大气校正后的遥感反射率数据在小于0.02 sr-1时也存在高估现象,在大于0.02 sr-1时则存在明显低估现象。研究表明,用该方法所获取的大样本实测遥感反射率数据具有对卫星反射率产品进行真实性验证的应用潜力。  相似文献   
3.
贮存时间是影响生菜品质的一项重要因素,传统的贮存时间鉴别方法主要依靠人工经验,但是这种方法的准确率和可信度并不高。研究的目标是建立一种基于模糊识别的模型进行生菜光谱分析以实现生菜贮存时间的鉴别,并与其他鉴别方法作比较。为此,在当地超市购买60份新鲜生菜样品,存放于冰箱中待用。首先,通过Antaris Ⅱ近红外光谱检测仪采集生菜样品的近红外光谱数据,每隔12小时检测一次,每个样本检测重复三次,并取三次平均值作为实验数据。其次,利用多元散射校正(MSC)减少近红外光谱中的冗余信息。为了进一步去除近红外光谱中的无用信息以及简化随后的数据分类过程,分别运用主成分分析(PCA)和排序主成分分析 (PCA Sort)。其中,PCA Sort通过改进对主成分的排序方法能提高分类准确率,同时便于模糊线性鉴别分析(FLDA)进一步提取特征。PCA和PCA Sort的计算仅运用了前15个主成分(能充分反映光谱的主要信息)。最后,利用模糊线性鉴别分析算法(FLDA)和K近邻算法(KNN)进一步分类所得的低维数据。基于PCA和KNN算法的模型鉴别准确率达到43%,而基于PCA,FLDA和KNN算法的模型鉴别准确率可达83%。上述结果说明基于PCA,FLDA和KNN算法的模型鉴别准确率已经得到较大程度提高。当用PCA Sort替代了模型中的PCA算法后,结合FLDA和KNN算法则鉴别准确率达到98.33%。实验结果表明PCA Sort结合FLDA和KNN所建立的模型是有效的生菜贮存时间鉴别模型。  相似文献   
4.
5.
DNA methyltransferase (DNA MTase) can act as biomarker for many diseases and it is important to develop some new methods for sensitive detection of DNA MTase. In this work, a highly efficient electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor had been designed for detection of DNA MTase based on Ru(phen)32+ loaded double strand DNA (dsDNA- Ru(phen)32+) as signal tags. Ru(phen)32+ had been efficiently embed in the dsDNA produced through a simple hybridization chain reaction. First, a hairpin probe was designed, which can be specifically recognized by Dam MTase and modified with -SH at one end. It was modified on the surface of gold electrode by -SH as an immobilization probe (IP). This IP will be methylated in the present of Dam MTase and digested by DpnI following. Results in the release of capture probe (CP) which remains on the surface of gold electrode. The CP can hybridize with the single stand part of the dsDNA- Ru(phen)32+ and make the immobilization of ECL tags on the electrode surface, which results in a strong ECL signals detected. However, without the effect of Dam MTase, the hairpin structure of IP remains stable and cannot capture signal tags, and can only detecte weak ECL signals. The biosensor can detect the activity of Dam MTase in the concentration range of 0.01 U/mL to 20 U/mL with the ECL intensity and the logarithm of the concentration have a linear relationship, and the detection limit is calculated to be 7.6 mU/mL. The developed sensor has the ability to specifically detect Dam MTase, which can be differentiated from other types of DNA MTase. In addition, the designed method has good applicability to detect Dam MTase activity in serum samples and been applied to detect its inhibitor with high efficiency.  相似文献   
6.
Yin  Qingqing  Xu  Fen  Sun  Lixian  Li  Yaying  Liao  Lumin  Wang  Tao  Guan  Yanxun  Xia  Yongpeng  Zhang  Chenchen  Wei  Sheng  Zhang  Huanzhi  Li  Bin 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2022,147(12):6583-6592
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is widely used as phase change materials (PCMs). However, the leakage and low thermal conductivity issues restrict its...  相似文献   
7.
Li  Han  Jintao  Feng  Wang  Zhen  Jia  Yan  Li  Peng  Yao  Cuixia  Qu  Zongjin 《Journal of fluorescence》2022,32(5):1825-1832

The development of fluorescent probes for nitroreductase (NTR) has received intense attention because of its biological significance and wide application. In this work, a novel fluorescent probe for the detection of NTR in aqueous solution was designed and synthesized on a 1,8-naphthalimide scaffold. In the presence of NTR and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) under physiological conditions, the probe was converted into a 4-hydroxy-1,8-naphthalimide derivative and exhibited a sharp fluorescence enhancement at 550 nm, with a high selectivity for NTR over various analytes. The detection limit for NTR was determined to be 9.8 ng/ml by this probe. Due to its low signal background, this probe showed?>?70-fold fluorescence enhancement. Theoretical calculations revealed that the reason for the fluorescence quenching of this probe is the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from both the nitrobenzene and morpholine groups to the naphthalimide fluorophore.

  相似文献   
8.
窦双团  付利平  贾楠  王天放 《应用光学》2022,43(6):1165-1174
基于微通道板电子倍增电荷分割型阳极的成像探测器常用于行星大气、气辉等微弱信号探测。针对探测器读出电路增益不相等导致探测器成像产生畸变的问题,利用理论分析结合MATLAB仿真揭示了不同畸变图像的形成机制,在该基础上提出了一种探测器读出电路增益补偿方法减小探测器成像畸变。通过MATLAB仿真和实验测试结果表明该文提出的方法能够有效减小由于读出电路增益不相等导致的探测器成像畸变。  相似文献   
9.
Juglandis Mandshuricae Cortex is the bark of Juglans mandshurica Maxim., which has been used as a folk medicine plant in China and India. In this study, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole/orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry method was developed to clarify and quantify the chemical profiling of Juglandis Mandshuricae Cortex rapidly. A total of 113 compounds were characterized. Among them, seven flavonoids were simultaneously quantified in 15 min, including myricetin, myricetrin, taxifolin, kaempferol, quercetin, quercitrin, and naringenin. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, and the limits of detection and quantification. All calibration curves showed a good linear relationship (r > 0.9990) within test ranges. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations were less than 2.16%. Accuracy validation showed that the recovery was between 95.6 and 101.3% with relative standard deviation values below 2.85%. The validated method was successfully applied to determine the contents of seven flavones in Juglandis Mandshuricae Cortex from seven sources and the contents of these places were calculated respectively. This method provides a theoretical basis for further developing the medicinal value of Juglandis Mandshuricae Cortex.  相似文献   
10.
This paper presents a nonlinear thickness-shear vibration model for onedimensional infinite piezoelectric plate with flexoelectricity and geometric nonlinearity. The constitutive equations with flexoelectricity and governing equations are derived from the Gibbs energy density function and variational principle. The displacement adopted here is assumed to be antisymmetric through the thickness due to the thickness-shear vibration mode. Only the shear strain gradient through the thickness is considered in the present model. With geometric nonlinearity, the governing equations are converted into differential equations as the function of time by the Galerkin method. The method of multiple scales is employed to obtain the solution to the nonlinear governing equation with first order approximation. Numerical results show that the nonlinear thickness-shear vibration of piezoelectric plate is size dependent, and the flexoelectric effect has significant influence on the nonlinear thickness-shear vibration frequencies of micro-size thin plates. The geometric nonlinearity also affects the thickness-shear vibration frequencies greatly. The results show that flexoelectricity and geometric nonlinearity cannot be ignored in design of accurate high-frequency piezoelectric devices.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号