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Instability at half the electron cyclotron frequency that arises in a system of symmetrical counter streaming electron beams is stabilized by the injection of third beam. 相似文献
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Eizo Otsuka 《International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves》1990,11(2):299-308
In high quality semiconductor crystals, occurrence of cyclotron resonance is beautifully reflected on luminescence spectra. This feature is demonstrated in typical elemental semiconductor Ge, both doped and undoped. One obtains new information of kinetics in free carriers, free excitons, bound excitons and electron-hole drops. 相似文献
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Eizo Miyazaki 《Surface science》1982,121(2):338-346
Using an exact expression for the number of nearest-neighbor pairs, the exact relations for the change in heat of adsorption of single particles with surface coverage have been calculated within the framework of random distribution taking into account the first, second and third nearestneighbor interactions. It is shown that (1) when the total number of sites is less than about 30, the influence of the corners and edges of a lattice on the heat of adsorption cannot be neglected, and that (2) when the third nearest-neighbor interactions are taken into account for a rectangular or a hexagonal lattice, the heat of adsorption varies with coverage obeying a quadratic equation. 相似文献
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Hitoshi Yoshino Kazuo Shimokoshi Eizo Miyazaki 《Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena》1985,36(3):269-279
DV-Xα calculations have been applied to various small clusters of rutile-family dioxides (NbO2, MoO2 RuO2). It appears that by taking into consideration the potential due to the atomic charges, the density, the ionization cross sections of the energy levels, and by summing the density of states (DOS) of the two different clusters representing surface structures, computations on even small clusters provide information which compares well with the experimental XPS spectra. 相似文献
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Toshiki Aoki Hiroshi Nakahara Yoshio Hayakawa Masayuki Kokai Eizo Oikawa 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1994,32(5):849-858
Phenylacetylenes having one or two trimethylsilyl groups at their benzene ring were synthesized, and polymerized by [Rh(cyclooctadiene) (PPh3)2]PF6, [Rh(norbornadiene)Cl]2, or WCl6 to afford high molecular-weight polymers in high yields. These poly(phenylacetylene)s were soluble in many kinds of solvents and were fabricated to tough membranes by the solvent casting method. The oxygen permselectivities of these membranes were very good. The oxygen permeability coefficients (Po2) and oxygen separation factors (α = Po2/PN2) of poly[2,4-(o,p)-bis(trimethylsilyl)phenylacetylene] [poly ( o-1-p-1 )] and poly[(4(p)-trimethylsilyl)phenylacetylene] [poly( p-1 )] membranes were 4.73 × 10?8 cc(STP) cm/cm2 s cmHg and 2.65, and 1.52 × 10?8 cc(STP) cm/cm2 s cmHg and 3.39, respectively. In the case of poly( o-1-p-1 ), Po2 was comparable to that of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and α was higher than that of PDMS. However, the Po2 value reduced to 48% of its initial value in about 1 year. In the case of poly( p-1 ), the Po2 value did not change in about 1 year. Ethanol permeated preferentially through these membranes (αEtOH > 1) in pervaporation of aqueous ethanol solution, whereas poly(phenylacetylene) [poly( PhA )] showed water permselectivity (αEtOH < 1). These favorable effects of trimethylsilyl groups on the oxygen and ethanol permselectivities were discussed on the basis of comparison with those of poly( PhA ), other poly(substituted phenyl-acetylene)s, and trimethylsilyl-group containing polystyrenes. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT An attempt was made to prepare a graft copolymer consisting of poly(methyl vinyl ketone) (PMVK) as a backbone chain and polyacrylonitrile, poly(4-vinylpyridine), or polystyrene as a graft chain by UV irradiation of a solution of PMKV in the presence of acrylonitrile, 4-vinylpyridine, or styrene. the influence of reaction conditions on the yield, composition, and viscosity of the resulting graft copolymers was investigated. It was suggested from NMR and gel permeation chromatography that those graft copolymers contained a high molecular weight fraction of narrow distribution and block copolymers as well. the reverse osmosis membranes derived from the oxime and amidoxime of the graft copolymers showed a characteristic performance of exhibiting a maximal difference between rejections against NaCl and CoCl2 at a certain addition ratio of crosslinking agent, which was not observed in the membranes from copolymers by conventional radical copolymerization. the relationship between these phenomena and the branching structure of the graft copolymers was discussed. 相似文献
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Variation in the chromatographic,material, and chemical characteristics of methacrylate‐based polymer monoliths during photoinitiated low‐temperature polymerization 下载免费PDF全文
Ayumi Kobayashi Takuya Nakaza Tomohiko Hirano Shinya Kitagawa Hajime Ohtani 《Journal of separation science》2016,39(13):2459-2465
Both the separation behavior and the structure of a polymer monolith column depends on both the reaction solution composition and the polymerization conditions. In photoinitiated low‐temperature polymerization, polymerization temperature, irradiation intensity, and polymerization time were key factors to control the monolith characteristics. In this study, the effect of polymerization time on the chromatographic, material, and chemical characteristics of poly(butyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene dimethacrylate) monoliths was studied using pyrolysis‐gas chromatography, Raman spectroscopy, inverse size exclusion chromatography, scanning electron microscopy, and chromatographic methods. Both butyl methacrylate and ethylene dimethacrylate monomers were incorporated into the monolith as the polymerization time increased, and it resulted in increases in both the flow resistance (decrease in both permeability and total/through pore porosities) and retention factors. The longer polymerization time led to lower relative amounts of free methacrylate functional groups in the monolith, i.e. cross‐linking was enhanced. The increase of the polymerization time from 8 to 12 min significantly reduced the separation efficiency for the retained analyte, whereas an increase in the fraction of the mesoporosity was observed. 相似文献