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1.
A numerical model was developed and validated to investigate the fluid–structure interactions between fully developed pipe flow and core–shell-structured microcapsule in a microchannel. Different flow rates and microcapsule shell thicknesses were considered. A sixth-order rotational symmetric distribution of von Mises stress over the microcapsule shell can be observed on the microcapsule with a thinner shell configuration, especially at higher flow rate conditions. It is also observed that when being carried along in a fully developed pipe flow, the microcapsule with a thinner shell tends to accumulate stress at a higher rate compared to that with a thicker shell. In general, for the same microcapsule configuration, higher flow velocity would induce a higher stress level over the microcapsule shell. The deformation gradient was used to capture the microcapsule's deformation in the present study. The effect of Young's modulus on the microcapsule shell on the microcapsule deformation was investigated as well. Our findings will shed light on the understanding of the stability of core–shell-structured microcapsule when subjected to flow-induced shear stress in a microfluidic system, enabling a more exquisite control over the breakup dynamics of drug-loaded microcapsule for biomedical applications.  相似文献   
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Yom-Tov  Galit B.  Chan  Carri W. 《Queueing Systems》2021,99(1-2):163-198
Queueing Systems - Consider a population of customers, each of which needs to decide independently when to arrive to a facility that provides a service during a fixed period of time, say a day....  相似文献   
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Structural Chemistry - Quinoline- and acridine-based drugs are widely used as anti-breast cancer agents. These drugs act through various mechanisms of action; for example, neratinib acts on...  相似文献   
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Modelling the electrolyte at the electrochemical interface remains a major challenge in ab initio simulations of charge transfer processes at surfaces. Recently, the development of hybrid polarizable continuum models/ab initio models have allowed for the treatment of solvation and electrolyte charge in a computationally efficient way. However, challenges remain in its application. Recent literature has reported that large cell heights are required to reach convergence, which presents a serious computational cost. Furthermore, calculations of reaction energetics require costly iterations to tune the surface charge to the desired potential. In this work, we present a simple capacitor model of the interface that illuminates how to circumvent both of these challenges. We derive a correction to the energy for finite cell heights to obtain the large cell energies at no additional computational expense. We furthermore demonstrate that the reaction energetics determined at constant charge are easily mapped to those at constant potential, which eliminates the need to apply iterative schemes to tune the system to a constant potential. These developments together represent more than an order of magnitude reduction of the computational overhead required for the application of polarizable continuum models to surface electrochemistry.  相似文献   
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The chromosome periphery (CP) is a complex network that covers the outer surface of chromosomes. It acts as a carrier of nucleolar components, helps maintain chromosome structure, and plays an important role in mitosis. Current methods for fluorescence imaging of CP largely rely on immunostaining. We herein report a small-molecule fluorescent probe, ID-IQ , which possesses aggregation-induced emission (AIE) property, for CP imaging. By labelling the CP, ID-IQ sharply highlighted the chromosome boundaries, which enabled rapid segmentation of touching and overlapping chromosomes, direct identification of the centromere, and clear visualization of chromosome morphology. ID-IQ staining was also compatible with fluorescence in situ hybridization and could assist the precise location of the gene in designated chromosome. Altogether, this study provides a versatile cytogenetic tool for improved chromosome analysis, which greatly benefits the clinical diagnostic testing and genomic research.  相似文献   
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Cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the treatment of advanced cancers. However, the tumor microenvironment (TME) functions as a formidable barrier that severely impairs the efficacy of ICIs. While the crosstalk between tumor vessels and immune cells determines the nature of anti-tumor immunity, it is skewed toward a destructive cycle in growing tumors. First, the disorganized tumor vessels hinder CD8+ T cell trafficking into the TME, disable effector functions, and even kill T cells. Moreover, VEGF, the key driver of angiogenesis, interferes with the maturation of dendritic cells, thereby suppressing T cell priming, and VEGF also induces TOX-mediated exhaustion of CD8+ T cells. Meanwhile, a variety of innate and adaptive immune cells contribute to the malformation of tumor vessels. Protumoral M2-like macrophages as well as TH2 and Treg cells secrete pro-angiogenic factors that accelerate uncontrolled angiogenesis and promote vascular immaturity. While CD8+ T and CD4+ TH1 cells suppress angiogenesis and induce vascular maturation by secreting IFN-γ, they are unable to infiltrate the TME due to malformed tumor vessels. These findings led to preclinical studies that demonstrated that simultaneous targeting of tumor vessels and immunity is a viable strategy to normalize aberrant vascular-immune crosstalk and potentiate cancer immunotherapy. Furthermore, this combination strategy has been evidently demonstrated through recent pivotal clinical trials, granted approval from FDA, and is now being used in patients with kidney, liver, lung, or uterine cancer. Overall, combining anti-angiogenic therapy and ICI is a valid therapeutic strategy that can enhance cancer immunity and will further expand the landscape of cancer treatment.Subject terms: Cancer immunotherapy, Cancer microenvironment, Tumour angiogenesis, Tumour immunology, Targeted therapies  相似文献   
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The plasmonic photothermal (PPT) characteristics of gold nanostructures have been extensively investigated theoretically and experimentally due to their potential for use materials science and industry. The management of the size and shape of gold nanoparticles has been a key issue in the development of better solutions for PPT heat generation because their size and shape determine their resultant photothermal properties. However, the light absorption of gold nanostructures is mainly dependent on the wavelength and orientation of the incident light; hence, maintaining uniform size and shape is critical for achieving maximum photothermal energy. Morphologically homogeneous spherical gold nanoparticles, or super gold nanospheres prepared by slowly etching uniform octahedral gold nanoparticles, demonstrate better PPT heat generation compared with commercially available nonsmooth gold nanoparticles (GNSs). The PPT heating experiments show a maximum temperature difference of 5.7 °C between the super and ordinary GNSs with the same average maximum Feret's diameters, which result from the more efficient PPT heat power generation (20.6%) of the super GNSs. In an electromagnetic‐wave simulation, the super GNSs show lower polarization dependence and a 24.6% higher absorption cross‐section than ordinary GNSs.  相似文献   
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