Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - The “shuttle effect” of polysulfides is a serious issue, resulting in a decrease in the life-cycle of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. To... 相似文献
Abstract The synthesis of some new sulfur-containing spiroindole derivatives is reported. Fluorinated 3′-aryl-2′-phenylimino-spiro[3H-indole-3,6′[4,5′-pyrazolin][4,3-d]thiazolo]2(1H)-ones were prepared by the reaction of 5-(2-oxo-3-indolinylidene)-3-aryl-2-phenylimino-4-thiazolidinones with hydrazine hydrate. The compounds have been characterized on the basis of elemental and spectral studies. 相似文献
1-Alkylaminoanthraquinones (2a-f) and 1,4-bisalkylaminoanthraquinones (4a-c) were prepared from aminoanthraquinones (1,3) by alkylation with alkyl sulphate/alkyl halide in presence of powdered sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate and phase transfer catalyst. 相似文献
We demonstrate the efficiency of a modification of the normal homotopy analysis method (HAM) proposed by Liao [2] by including a non-homogeneous term in the auxiliary linear operator (this can be considered as a special case of “further generalization” of HAM given by Liao in [2]). We then apply the modified method to a few examples. It is observed that including a non-homogeneous term gives faster convergence in comparison to normal HAM. We also prove a convergence theorem, which shows that our technique yields the convergent solution. 相似文献
Three-dimensional numerical simulations were carried out to study the ballistic resistance of ductile targets subjected to normal impact by the projectiles. 12 mm thick Weldox 460 E steel targets were impacted by 20 mm diameter conical nosed projectiles and 1 mm thick 1100-H12 aluminum targets were impacted by 19 mm diameter ogive nosed projectiles. The internal nose angle of conical projectile was varied (33.4°–180°) and found to have significant effect on the ballistic limit of 12 mm thick Weldox 460 E steel target. Similarly, the caliber radius head (CRH) of ogive nosed projectile was varied (0–2.5) and found to have significant effect on the ballistic limit of 1 mm thick 1100-H12 aluminum target. The ballistic limit of 12 mm thick Weldox 460 E steel target increased almost linearly with the decrease in the projectile nose angle. While the ballistic limit of 1 mm thick 1100-H12 aluminum target increased as the CRH increased from 0 to 0.5 and with further increase in CRH to 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 its values were found to drop quite significantly. ABAQUS/Explicit finite element code was used to carry out the numerical simulations. 相似文献
The heat transfer performance and entropy analysis are done in a compact loop heat pipe (CLHP) with Al2O3/water and Ag/water nanofluid. A compact loop heat pipe having a flat square evaporator with dimensions of 34 mm (L)?×?34 mm (W)?×?19 mm (H) has been fabricated and tested for the heat load ranging from 30 to 500 W. The experimental tests are conducted by keeping the CLHP in the vertical orientation with distilled water, silver (Ag)/water and aluminium oxide (Al2O3)/water nanofluid having low volume concentrations of (0.09% and 0.12%). The effect of wall and vapour temperature, evaporator and condenser heat transfer coefficient, thermal resistance on the applied heat loads is experimentally investigated and compared. The experimental results showed that the evaporator thermal resistance is reduced by 34.70% and 20.21%, respectively, for 0.12 vol% of Ag, Al2O3 nanoparticles when compared with that of the distilled water. For the same volume concentrations of Ag, Al2O3 nanoparticles, an enhancement of 34.52%, 23.7%, 39.27% and 30.8%, respectively, observed for the convective heat transfer coefficients at the evaporator and condenser. The entropy is also reduced by 19.08% and 11.58% when Ag and Al2O3 nanofluids are used as the operating fluid. From the experimental tests, it is found that the addition of small amount of Ag nanoparticles in the working fluid enhanced the operating range by 15% when compared with that of Al2O3/water nanofluid without the occurrence of any dry-out conditions.
Harvesting salinity gradient energy, also known as “osmotic energy” or “blue energy”, generated from the free energy mixing of seawater and fresh river water provides a renewable and sustainable alternative for circumventing the recent upsurge in global energy consumption. The osmotic pressure resulting from mixing water streams with different salinities can be converted into electrical energy driven by a potential difference or ionic gradients. Reversed-electrodialysis (RED) has become more prominent among the conventional membrane-based separation methodologies due to its higher energy efficiency and lesser susceptibility to membrane fouling than pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO). However, the ion-exchange membranes used for RED systems often encounter limitations while adapting to a real-world system due to their limited pore sizes and internal resistance. The worldwide demand for clean energy production has reinvigorated the interest in salinity gradient energy conversion. In addition to the large energy conversion devices, the miniaturized devices used for powering a portable or wearable micro-device have attracted much attention. This review provides insights into developing miniaturized salinity gradient energy harvesting devices and recent advances in the membranes designed for optimized osmotic power extraction. Furthermore, we present various applications utilizing the salinity gradient energy conversion. 相似文献
Selective multi-photon dissociation (MPD) of Freon-22 (CF2HC1) molecules has been carried out using a TEA CO2 laser at various CO2 laser lines (9P(20)-9P(26)) in order to maximize the yield of C-13 isotope in the product (C2F4) at an enrichment factor of 100. The effects of laser pulse tail due to the presence of N2 in the laser mixture on the enrichment factor and yield of C-13 are investigated. It is found that the addition of a small
amount of N2 is possible in the laser mixture without a significant drop in the yield at desired enrichment factor. Addition of a small
amount of N2 improves the laser efficiency considerably. At a given pulse energy, a slight change in the near field intensity distribution
of a laser severely affects the selectivity of C-13 isotope. The computed far-field intensity distributions of the measured
near-field intensities show marked spatial variation in the focal spots that leads to a drop in selectivity. For macroscopic
production of C-13 isotope a simple and novel multi-pass cavity has been designed and tested to focus the energy repeatedly
keeping the optimum fluence constant at each focal spot. 相似文献
The area of transition‐metal‐catalyzed direct arylation through cleavage of C? H bonds has undergone rapid development in recent years, and is becoming an increasingly viable alternative to traditional cross‐coupling reactions with organometallic reagents. In particular, palladium and ruthenium catalysts have been described that enable the direct arylation of (hetero)arenes with challenging coupling partners—including electrophilic aryl chlorides and tosylates as well as simple arenes in cross‐dehydrogenative arylations. Furthermore, less expensive copper, iron, and nickel complexes were recently shown to be effective for economically attractive direct arylations. 相似文献
This paper, motivated by the need to predict performance of production systems with random arrivals, setup times and revisitation,
presents an imbedded Markov chain analysis of the underlyingM/G/1 queue with two customer classes, changeover times and instantaneous Bernoulli feedback. It is assumed that jobs are scheduled
according to the exhaustive alternative priority queue discipline. Expressions for the mean waiting time and the nonsaturation
condition are derived under two different priority assignments to the repeat customers. Sojourn times under these priority
assignments are shown to possess a convex ordering. Results of the study are also applicable to data communication networks
that operate under cyclic switching mechanisms.
Research supported in part by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. 相似文献