虚拟解法分析浸入边界法的精度

浸入边界法是对流固耦合系统进行建模和模拟的有效工具,在生物力学领域的应用尤为广泛．该文的工作主要包含两个部分:程序验证和精度分析．前者证明了程序的正确性,后者给出了浸入边界法的精度．两部分工作均使用虚拟解法作为研究工具．在程序验证部分,使用二阶空间离散格式进行数值计算,通过分析各种变量的离散误差,得到的程序计算精度阶是二阶,与理论精度阶一致,证明了数值计算所使用程序的正确性．精度分析部分工作在此基础上展开．引入压强跳跃,在动量方程中加入相应源项,通过分析带有源项的控制方程中各物理量的离散误差,证明浸入边界法只具有一阶精度．同时可以得出以下结论:粗网格无法敏感地捕捉浸入边界的影响;当Euler网格固定时,增加Lagrange标志点的数目并不会改善计算误差．     

Accuracy analysis of immersed boundary method using method of manufactured solutions

The immersed boundary method is an effective technique for modeling and simulating fluid-structure interactions especially in the area of biomechanics.This paper analyzes the accuracy of the immersed boundary method.The procedure contains two parts,i.e.,the code verification and the accuracy analysis.The code verification provides the confidence that the code used is free of mistakes,and the accuracy analysis gives the order of accuracy of the immersed boundary method.The method of manufactured solutions is taken as a means for both parts.In the first part,the numerical code employs a second-order discretization scheme,i.e.,it has second-order accuracy in theory.It matches the calculated order of accuracy obtained in the numerical calculation for all variables.This means that the code contains no mistake,which is a premise of the subsequent work.The second part introduces a jump in the manufactured solution for the pressure and adds the corresponding singular forcing terms in the momentum equations.By analyzing the discretization errors,the accuracy of the immersed boundary method is proven to be first order even though the discretization scheme is second order.It has been found that the coarser mesh may not be sensitive enough to capture the influence of the immersed boundary,and the refinement on the Lagrangian markers barely has any effect on the numerical calculation.     

Effect of regularized delta function on accuracy of immersed boundary method

The immersed boundary method is an effective technique for modeling and simulating fluid-structure interactions especially in the area of biomechanics. The effect of the regularized delta function on the accuracy is an important subject in the property study. A method of manufactured solutions is used in the research. The computational code is first verified to be mistake-free by using smooth manufactured solutions. Then, a jump in the manufactured solution for pressure is introduced to study the accuracy of the immersed boundary method. Four kinds of regularized delta functions are used to test the effect on the accuracy analysis. By analyzing the discretization errors, the accuracy of the immersed boundary method is proved to be first-order. The results show that the regularized delta function cannot improve the accuracy, but it can change the discretization errors in the entire computational domain.     

浸入边界法及其应用

浸入边界法主要用于模拟存在复杂外形结构的流场的运动情况和处理各种动边界问题,目前已广泛应用于计算流体力学领域.浸入边界法既是数学建模方法又是数值离散方法,它将物体边界与流体的相互作用通过在流体运动方程中加体积力项来体现,并在数值计算中采用简单的笛卡尔网格,避免了按照物体边界形状生成贴体网格时所遇到的各种问题.浸入边界法分为连续力法和离散力法:连续力法主要用于处理弹性边界问题,它的力源项满足特定的力学关系式;离散力法主要用于处理固体界面问题,它的力源项由边界条件推导得到.着重阐述了浸入边界法的基本原理和数学构造,对目前已有的几种不同的浸入边界法做了简单地介绍,并给出了一些应用实例,最后提出了浸入边界法未来的发展方向.     

正则化δ函数对浸入边界法精度的影响

浸入边界法是对流固耦合系统进行数学建模和数值模拟的有效工具,在生物力学领域的应用尤为广泛．正则化δ函数对精度的影响是研究浸入边界法本身性质的一个重要课题．采用虚拟解法对此展开分析．首先使用光滑虚拟解证明程序的正确性,然后使用压力存在跳跃的虚拟解研究浸入边界法的精度．通过分析使用4种不同的正则化δ函数时整个流场的离散误差,得到以下结论:浸入边界法只具有1阶精度;选用不同的正则化δ函数,不能提高浸入边界法的精度,但会影响整个流场的离散误差值．     

二维细胞在剪切流中的运动特性

主要模拟二维细胞在剪切流中的运动特性.计算过程采用浸入边界法,将细胞模化成Navier-Stokes方程中的力源,而不是真实物体.假设细胞的初始形状为椭圆,细胞内外流体粘性相同,细胞膜的弹性力模型选用E-S模型.本文模拟四种不同真圆度情况下细胞的形变情况,观测到初始阶段细胞沿着长轴方向做拉伸和旋转运动,达到稳定状态后细胞作类坦克履带式运动;并且发现细胞达到稳定状态所需要的时间随真圆度的增加而增加,而细胞的稳态倾角随真圆度的增加而减少.     

自然超空泡与尾喷流相互作用的数值模拟

认识带尾喷流和自然超空泡的水下高速航行体流体动力特性并发展其预报与控制方法仍是水动力学领域极具挑战性的课题．本研究采用CFD方法对尾喷流和自然超空泡之间的相互作用进行了数值研究．针对发动机欠膨胀超音速喷流，采用现有实验结果验证了基于两方程湍流模型的二维轴对称流动数值模型的可靠性．尾喷流在空气和蒸汽环境中流动的数值计算结果表明，由于蒸汽环境中背压较低，欠膨胀尾喷流无法及时形成压缩波，使得蒸汽环境中尾喷流的过膨胀区和气相扩散区的体积比空气中大；尾喷流很难形成规则的激波格栅，波系结构相对简单．针对携尾喷流的平头航行体超空泡流状态的数值模拟结果表明，尾喷流注入超空泡后迅速充满航行体周围的空腔区域；尾喷流与超空泡尾迹区域形成的回射流相互作用最终导致超空泡断裂，断裂过程中伴随着燃气泡的下泄现象；受空泡壁面约束，尾喷流难以在狭窄的超空泡空腔内完全膨胀，尾喷流的激波波系结构有显著的变化：在喷嘴附近受到压缩，在远离喷嘴区域受到超空泡水汽掺混的破坏；空泡内压强基本维持在饱和蒸汽压附近，没有显著增加．