一类具饱和项和毒素影响的扩散问题的持久性与稳定性

研究了一类具饱和项和毒素项的互惠模型.由比较原理得到问题是持久的;用线性近似法证明了在一定条件下系统的正平衡点是局部稳定的;利用Lyapunov直接法证明了正平衡点是全局渐近稳定的.     

Research progress of Pt and Pt-based cathode electrocatalysts for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells

Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have been widely used commercially to solve the energy crisis and environmental pollution. The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode is the rate-determining step in PEMFCs. Platinum (Pt) catalysts are used to accelerate the ORR kinetics. Pt's scarcity, high cost, and instability in an acidic environment at high potentials seriously hinder the commercialization of PEMFCs. Therefore, studies should explore electrocatalysts with high catalytic activity, enhanced stability, and low-Pt loading. This review briefly introduces the research progress on Pt and Pt-based ORR electrocatalysts for PEMFCs, including anticorrosion catalyst supports, Pt, and Pt-based alloy electrocatalysts. Advanced preparation technology and material characterization of Pt-based ORR electrocatalysts are necessary to improve the performance and corresponding reaction mechanisms.     

Experimental Realization of an Intrinsic Magnetic Topological Insulator

An intrinsic magnetic topological insulator(TI) is a stoichiometric magnetic compound possessing both inherent magnetic order and topological electronic states. Such a material can provide a shortcut to various novel topological quantum effects but remained elusive experimentally for a long time. Here we report the experimental realization of thin films of an intrinsic magnetic TI, MnBi_2Te_4, by alternate growth of a Bi_2Te_3 quintuple layer and a MnTe bilayer with molecular beam epitaxy. The material shows the archetypical Dirac surface states in angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and is demonstrated to be an antiferromagnetic topological insulator with ferromagnetic surfaces by magnetic and transport measurements as well as first-principles calculations. The unique magnetic and topological electronic structures and their interplays enable the material to embody rich quantum phases such as quantum anomalous Hall insulators and axion insulators at higher temperature and in a well-controlled way.     

Alignment and efficiency-monitoring method of high-power fiber-to-fiber coupling

High-power fiber-to-fiber coupling is extensively used in fiber laser applications,and its performance is determined by coupling efficiency.We demonstrate a novel method for alignment and monitoring efficiency by detecting backscattering power at the fiber end cap.The relationship between alignment error and backscattering power is determined by simulations and experiments.Through this method,a state-of-the-art kW-level fiberto-fiber optic switch is developed(transmission efficiency>97%).It performs well for longer than 60 min.To the best of our knowledge,it is the first time to establish the mathematical model based on this method.Our results can provide guidance in high-power fiber-to-fiber coupling.     

一种脉冲强电流条件下导线电阻测量方法

在超强激光辐照电容线圈靶产生强磁场实验中,在约50 ps时,线圈电流达到20 kA以上。通过该实验结果与磁场产生理论模型对比,可得出该导线电阻值比常温直流电阻高出3个量级。对导线材料电阻率与趋肤效应的分析结果表明,该电阻值在量级上是合理的。获得超快脉冲强电流条件下的导线电阻值,有助于更深入理解线圈靶产生强磁场过程。     

分光技术在自由电子激光结合里德堡态氢原子飞行时间谱装置中的应用

本文描述了一种应用于自由电子激光结合高里德堡态氢原子飞行时间谱装置中的分光方法，以及该方法应用于小分子(如₂S)光解动力学研究中的必要性. 拉曼-α辐射(121.6 nm)，用作H原子产物探测的激光，是在Kr/Ar气介质中利用四波混频产生的. 利用透镜对不同波长的光有不同的折射率，四波混频后的混合光在经过一片离轴的氟化锂透镜后，121.6 nm的激光将会与212.6和845 nm在空间上分开. 在激光到达反应中心前利用挡板挡住212.6和845 nm的激光，只让121.6 nm的光经过反应中心，从而消除212.6 nm激光产生的背景信号对实验的干扰. 结合自由电子激光，成功地研究了H₂S在122.95 nm波长下的光解动力学，采集到了产物时间飞行谱. 本文展示了转换得到的产物总平动能谱，解离机理与121.6 nm波长下的结果相似. 实验结果显示，该方法成功地解决了分子在VUV波段进行光解动力学研究的难题，消除了这些分子在紫外光波段因为强烈吸收而产生的背景信号.     

Terahertz wave emission from water lin es

To make further understanding of terahertz(THz)wave generation from liquid water,we study THz wave emission from water lines of different diameters.The water line with a smaller diameter generates a stronger THz electric field for the diameters from 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm.The THz electric field strength and polarity change with the relative position between the incident laser and water line.Moreover,the THz energy has an optimal radiation angle of about 60°.A two-dimensional dipole array model is introduced to illustrate the phenomenon.Our observations contribute to optimizing the scheme of the liquid THz source.     

基于吸收互补有机半导体本体复合薄膜的高性能柔性光突触晶体管

采用光吸收互补的聚(3-己基噻吩)(P3HT)和引达省并二噻吩-苯并噻二唑共聚物(PIDT-BT), 通过溶液法制备了两者的本体复合异质结构有机半导体薄膜, 并研究了薄膜的表面结构和光电性质. 将PIDT-BT:P3HT复合薄膜作为一类新型光敏沟道层, 与聚电解质介电材料相结合, 制备了高性能柔性低电压光突触晶体管. 考察了不同光刺激条件对光突触晶体管性能的影响及半导体机制, 发现PIDT-BT:P3HT器件具有明显光突触特性, 并且相较于单纯PIDT-BT或P3HT器件具有更高响应的兴奋性突触后电流. 基于PIDT-BT:P3HT薄膜的光突触器件, 在绿红双色光刺激下的响应大于两种单色光分别刺激的响应之和, 表明附加光刺激可调控器件的记忆效率. 该研究为发展高性能光响应半导体薄膜及柔性低功耗光突触器件提供了新策略.     

GdPO4∶Sm3+荧光粉的焙烧温度和掺杂浓度的优化及发光和磁性能

以GdPO₄为基质,Sm³⁺为激活剂,采用水热法合成了纳米荧光粉前驱体,分别在800、900、1 000、1 100和1 200℃下焙烧,得到一系列GdPO₄∶Sm³⁺荧光粉。首先探究了GdPO₄∶Sm³⁺的最佳焙烧温度;其次研究了Sm³⁺掺杂浓度对GdPO₄∶Sm³⁺荧光性能的影响;最后研究了GdPO₄∶2% Sm³⁺的高温荧光性能和磁性能。使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、磁强计和荧光分光光度计(FL)对荧光粉的晶体结构、形貌、发光和磁性能进行了表征。结果表明：荧光粉的晶体结构由前驱体六方晶系GdPO₄·H₂O∶Sm³⁺变为单斜晶系的GdPO₄∶Sm³⁺,形貌由纳米棒变为无规则块体。当焙烧温度为1 000℃,Sm³⁺掺杂浓度为2%时,荧光粉的发光强度和荧光寿命达到最大值。GdPO₄∶2% Sm³⁺中Sm³⁺之间能量传递类型为电偶极-电偶极相互作用,能量传递的临界距离为1.646~1.884 nm。最佳样品GdPO₄∶2% Sm³⁺有优异的热稳定性,热猝灭活化能为-0.157 eV,且具有良好的顺磁性,质量磁化率值为1.22×10^-4 emu·g^-1·Oe^-1。     

催化裂解-冷原子吸收法测定固体生物质中汞含量

为开展汞的污染监测和环境治理,本文以我国能源用散状固体生物质为研究对象,建立了催化裂解-冷原子吸收测定汞含量方法。通过试验确定了样品称样量、分解温度和分解时间,方法线性关系良好,线性系数>0.999,检出限0.045ug/kg,方法重复性符合要求,标准样品汞含量在标准值不确定度内,经过F检验和t检验,催化裂解-冷原子吸收法与电感耦合等离子体质谱法不存在显著性差异。试验结果表明催化裂解-冷原子吸收法测定汞含量具备良好的精密度和准确度,可应用于固体生物质中汞的检测