Electrodeposition of Ni–Fe alloy from a choline chloride-containing ionic liquid

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - The electrochemical deposition of a nickel–iron alloy from a plating solution based on a deep eutectic solvent (a eutectic mixture of ethylene glycol...     

Multistage Electrochemical Reactions with the Transfer of Intermediates between Near-Electrode Layer and Bulk Solution: Analysis of a Kinetic Model and Computer-Aided Modeling

Kinetic equations for a multistage electrode process complicated by the transfer of intermediates between the near-electrode layer and bulk solution are derived and analyzed. Computer-aided modeling of the kinetics of processes of this kind is performed. Conditions under which the share of diffused intermediates is no longer vanishingly small are determined. Effect of various factors on the individual stages is established. Techniques of processing experimental data for determining kinetic parameters of separate stages are suggested.     

The mechanism of bacteriorhodopsin functioning. I. The light-induced proton throw-over by retinal

The path of proton motion in protein bacteriorhodopsin is constructed: Tyr 43 → Tyr 26 → Asp 212 → Tyr 83 → Tyr 57 → Tyr 79 → Glu 204 → Tyr 64 → Glu 74. From the position of quantum theory the light-induced isomerization of retinal, the process carrying out the proton and throw-over from the inlet H-bond chain (Tyr 43 → Tyr 26 → Lys 216) to the outlet one (Lys 216 → Asp 212 → … → Glu 74) are investigated. The kinetics of the transition of the excitation from the π-electron subsystem to the vibrational one is studied; the function of the nonequilibrial excitation distribution of the collective intramolecular retinal vibrations is found. The mechanism of deprotonation of Schiff base (transmission of proton to the outlet channel) is considered. The correspondence between the theoretically estimated states and spectroscopically identified forms of bacteriorhodosin (initial form bR, intermediates J, K) is proposed.     

Influence of sodium chloride,carbonates, and iron hydroxides on the viscosity of aqueous suspensions of clay minerals

The influence of sodium chloride solutions containing carbon dioxide on the viscosity of a maximally destroyed structure of suspensions of hydromica, kaolinite, natural iron-containing polymineral carbonate clay, iron oxides, and freshly prepared and dried montmorillonite is studied. The effect of physicochemical transformations of finely dispersed carbonates on the surface structure of a dispersed phase in suspensions of clay and iron oxide particles is considered. On the basis of the obtained results, a colloidochemical model for the destruction of ground barriers of storage ponds for mineralized water under the conditions of catastrophic phenomena is specified.Translated from Kolloidnyi Zhurnal, Vol. 67, No. 1, 2005, pp. 32–37.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Kovzun, Kovalenko, Protsenko.     

Grain Boundary Wetting in Polycrystals: 1. Probability of Wetting of Structural Elements

A model describing the wetting of structural elements in polycrystals such as grain boundaries (faces), triple lines (edges), and quaternary nodes (vertices) is proposed. It is assumed that the only driving force during wetting is the tendency of a system to the energy minimization due to the substitution of low-energy liquid–solid interfaces for high-energy grain boundaries. In this case, the anisotropy of grain boundary energy caused by the differences in misorientation of adjacent grains is taken into account, whereas the liquid–solid interface energy is assumed to be independent of the orientation. The well-known condition of grain boundary wetting (the Gibbs–Smith condition) is extended to the triple lines and quaternary nodes by introducing parameters determined as characteristic free energy of these elements.     

Scale Factor upon the Grain Boundary Wetting in Polycrystals

The intergrain penetration of wetting liquids (water and gallium) is studied with polycrystalline samples of NaCl and zinc, respectively. A strong effect of a scale factor is found. The quantitative correlation between the results of simulation and the data of physical experiments is established and is indicative of the applicability of the percolation theory to describe the process of intergrain wetting.__________Translated from Kolloidnyi Zhurnal, Vol. 67, No. 3, 2005, pp. 404–409.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Traskine, Volovitch, Protsenko, Kucherinenko, Skvortsova.     

Multistep electrochemical reactions involving transport of intermediates between the near-electrode layer and the bulk solution: A kinetics analysis based on theory of generalized variables (theory of similarity)

A kinetic analysis of multistep electrochemical reactions involving partial diffusion transport of intermediates between the near-electrode layer and the bulk electrolyte is performed within theory of generalized variables (theory of similarity). Dimensionless complexes (similarity criteria) that characterize such reactions are obtained, and their values corresponding to the transport of intermediates are determined.Translated from Elektrokhimiya, Vol. 41, No. 1, 2005, pp. 121–125.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Protsenko, Danilov.     

Kinetic Regularities Governing the Reaction of Electrodeposition of Iron from Solutions of Citrate Complexes of Iron(III)

The kinetics of a multistep reaction of electrodeposition of iron out of aqueous citrate-containing solutions of trivalent iron is investigated. It is shown that concentrations of major solution components affect the partial current density of discharge of ions of divalent iron. It is established that the deposition of metallic iron occurs as a result of discharge of intermediates, which are hydroxy complexes of divalent iron. Kinetic parameters and mechanism of the reaction of discharge of complexes [FeOH]⁺ to a metallic state are determined. It is mentioned that the formation of poorly soluble hydroxy compounds of trivalent iron in a near-electrode layer leads to a decrease in the iron deposition current.     

2- and 4-substituted 5-fluoropyrimidines

2- and 4-substituted 5-fluoropyrimidines were synthesized by the reaction of 2,4-dichloro-5-fluoropyrimidine with alkoxides, phenols, and aromatic and heterocyclic amines.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 117–119, January, 1973.