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In this paper, we consider a risk model in which two types of individual claims, main claims and by-claims, are defined. Every by-claim is induced by the main claim randomly and may be delayed for one time period with a certain probability. The dividend policy that certain amount of dividends will be paid as long as the surplus is greater than a constant dividend barrier is also introduced into this delayed claims risk model. By means of the probability generating functions, formulae for the expected present value of total dividend payments prior to ruin are obtained for discrete-type individual claims. Explicit expressions for the corresponding results are derived for K n claim amount distributions. Numerical illustrations are also given. 相似文献
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Enantioseparations of methyl mandelate (MMA) and methyl ??-cyclohexylmandelate (MCHMA) on permethylated ??-cyclodextrin (PM-??-CD) chiral stationary phase were explored in detail using high-performance liquid chromatography. The influence of the concentration of organic modifiers, along with the column temperature, was studied. In addition, the thermodynamics parameters of the enantioseparations were determined to discuss driven power in the process of enantioseparations. In addition, host?guest complexation of PM-??-CD with MMA enantiomers was simulated by quantum mechanics PM3 method for understanding the chiral recognition mechanism. The experimental results showed that the retention factor (k), separation factor (??), and resolution factor (Rs) for MMA and MCHMA resolved on the PM-??-CD column all generally decreased with the increase of methanol content, which indicated that the main chiral recognition mechanism is that the hydrophobic portions of MMA and MCHMA are included in the hydrophobic cavity of PM-??-CD to form inclusion complexes. In addition, there is an excellent linear relationship between the logarithms of retention factors (k) of MMA and MCHMA enantiomers and 1/T. It was demonstrated that the enantioseparations of MMA and MCHMA on PM-??-CD chiral column were enthalpy-driven processes. The modeling results can correctly predict the retention order and provide an atomistic account of how chiral discrimination takes place. It is found that the most stable structure of (R)-MMA/PM-??-CD complex is different with that of (S)-MMA/PM-??-CD complex. The main driving forces responsible for chiral recognition are hydrophobic forces and weak hydrogen bondings. 相似文献
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我国工业污染分布状况研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
环境污染越来越受到我国的重视,而工业污染是造成环境污染的重要原因.为了对我国的环境污染分布状况进行深入了解,从总量出发,利用聚类分析和因子分析法分析了我国工业污染的分布情况,并探讨了各类地区工业污染差异的原因,为我国进行侧重点治理环境污染提出可行性建议. 相似文献
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担载于ZrO2上的Ru3(CO)12-Fe(CO)9混合簇的红外光谱表明,Ru3(CO)12以Ru(CO)2O2表面络合物存在.混合族在真空中随温度升高而发生脱羰基作用,500℃左右羰基完全脱掉;以Al2O3为载体者其羰基不易脱除,升高温度出现多种羰基带.混合簇中的Fe2-(CO)9极易脱羰基.担载混合簇在Ar气中进行TPDE时,低温时以脱羰基为主,高于150℃时发生表面歧化反应而生成CO2;在H2气中,低温时仍以脱羰基为主,高于150℃时发生表面加氢反应而生成CH4.混合簇的脱羰基和表面反应能力与Ru/Fe比及载体有关.担载混合簇在CO加氢反应中以Ru(CO)2O2和分散Fe存在,还出现-CHx多种表面物种. 相似文献
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建立了同时测定黄鳝肌肉中苯丙酸诺龙、苯甲酸雌二醇、丙酸睾酮、乙酸炔诺酮、左炔诺酮、甲睾酮6种激素的液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)。试样经酶解后用乙酸乙酯提取,提取液氮吹至近干,用2mL乙腈-水(体积比1∶1)溶解,冷冻离心脱脂净化。用SB-C18色谱柱(50×2.1mm,1.8μm)分离,以乙腈-水为流动相,梯度洗脱,在电喷雾正离子模式下进行多反应监测(MRM)的定性定量分析,外标法定量。6种目标物检出限为0.25~1.0μg/kg,定量限为0.5~2.0μg/kg,6种目标物在0.5~100μg/kg范围内线性相关系数r均大于0.99,在6个加标水平下的平均回收率为70.5%~107.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.9%~9.5%。该方法的样品前处理简单快速,灵敏度高,适用于黄鳝等蛋白脂肪含量高的动物组织中激素类药物多残留的同时测定。 相似文献
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A series of fluorinated phosphatidylcholine polyurethane macromolecular additives were synthesized by solution polymerization using methylenebis(phylene isocyanates)(MDI) and 1,4-butanediol(BDO) as hard segments,a new phoshporycholine,2-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9-hexadecafluoro-10-(2-hydroxyethoxy)decyloxy) ethyl phosphorycholine (HDFOPC) as end-capper,and four polydiols,poly(tetramethylene glycol)s(PTMG),polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS), poly(1,6-hexyl-1,5-pentylcarbonate)(PHPC) and poly(propylene glycol)(PPG) as soft segments,respectively.The chemical structures of the synthesized polyurethanes were characterized by ~1H-NMR and FTIR.DSC and DMA were employed to study the phase behavior of these novel polyurethanes due to their great influences on the surface properties,and hence their interactions with bio-systems.The results showed that phase separation of the fluorinated phosphatidylcholine end-capped polyurethanes was increased in comparison with that of normal polyurethanes.The effect of fluorinated phosphatidylcholine end-capped groups on the phase behavior was further demonstrated by analyzing the degree of hydrogen-bonding between hard and soft segments. 相似文献
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A novel cellulose trisphenylcarbamate/1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [CTPC/[OcMIM]BF4] gas chromatographic stationary phase was prepared and characterized utilizing thermodynamic parameters and LSER methodology. The results revealed that the interaction model of each probe molecule on the CTPC/[OcMIM]BF4 stationary phase was invariable within the temperature range studied because of an excellent linear relationship between lnk and 1/T for each probe molecule. The chromatographic retentions of all probe molecules on the CTPC/[OcMIM]BF4 stationary phase were enthalpy-driven processes. The main interaction forces of the stationary phase with probe molecules are hydrogen bonding interactions, dispersive interactions and dipole–dipole interactions. Moreover, the contribution of each interaction is in the order of hydrogen bonding interaction > dispersive interaction > dipole–dipole interaction. The mixture of CTPC and [OcMIM]BF4 used as capillary gas chromatography stationary phase had high column efficiency and good film-forming ability, which was suitable for the separation of both nonpolar and polar compounds. Particularly the separation efficiencies of aromatic amines on CTPC/[OcMIM]BF4 are superior to those on the commercial SE-54 column. 相似文献