Classify the Higgs decays with the PFN and ParticleNet at electron–positron colliders

Various Higgs factories are proposed to study the Higgs boson precisely and systematically in a model- independent way. In this study, the Particle Flow Network and ParticleNet techniques are used to classify the Higgs decays into multicategories, and the ultimate goal is to realize an "end-to-end" analysis. A Monte Carlo simulation study is performed to demonstrate the feasibility, and the performance looks rather promising. This result could be the basis of a "one-stop" analysis to measure all the branching fractions of the Higgs decays simultaneously.     

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Unactivated Aryl Fluorides with Primary Aliphatic Amines by Organic Photoredox Catalysis

In this work, a mild and transition-metal-free approach for the nucleophilic aromatic substitution (S_NAr) of unactivated fluoroarenes with primary aliphatic amines to form aromatic amines is reported. This reaction is facilitated by the formation of cationic fluoroarene radical intermediates in the presence of an acridinium-based organic photocatalyst under blue-light irradiation. Various electron-rich and electron-neutral fluoroarenes are competent electrophiles for this transformation. A wide range of primary aliphatic amines, including amino acid esters, dipeptides, and linear and branched amines are suitable nucleophiles. The synthetic utility of this protocol is demonstrated by the late-stage functionalization of several complex drug molecules.     

Mapping the Complete Photocycle that Powers a Large Stokes Shift Red Fluorescent Protein

Large Stokes shift (LSS) red fluorescent proteins (RFPs) are highly desirable for bioimaging advances. The RFP mKeima, with coexisting cis- and trans-isomers, holds significance as an archetypal system for LSS emission due to excited-state proton transfer (ESPT), yet the mechanisms remain elusive. We implemented femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS) and various time-resolved electronic spectroscopies, aided by quantum calculations, to dissect the cis- and trans-mKeima photocycle from ESPT, isomerization, to ground-state proton transfer in solution. This work manifests the power of FSRS with global analysis to resolve Raman fingerprints of intermediate states. Importantly, the deprotonated trans-isomer governs LSS emission at 620 nm, while the deprotonated cis-isomer's 520 nm emission is weak due to an ultrafast cis-to-trans isomerization. Complementary spectroscopic techniques as a table-top toolset are thus essential to study photochemistry in physiological environments.     

Recent Progress in High-Performance Lithium Sulfur Batteries: The Emerging Strategies for Advanced Separators/Electrolytes Based on Nanomaterials and Corresponding Interfaces

Lithium-sulfur (Li−S) batteries, possessing excellent theoretical capacities, low cost and nontoxicity, are one of the most promising energy storage battery systems. However, poor conductivity of elemental S and the “shuttle effect” of lithium polysulfides hinder the commercialization of Li−S batteries. These problems are closely related to the interface problems between the cathodes, separators/electrolytes and anodes. The review focuses on interface issues for advanced separators/electrolytes based on nanomaterials in Li−S batteries. In the liquid electrolyte systems, electrolytes/separators and electrodes system can be decorated by nano materials coating for separators and electrospinning nanofiber separators. And, interface of anodes and electrolytes/separators can be modified by nano surface coating, nano composite metal lithium and lithium nano alloy, while the interface between cathodes and electrolytes/separators is designed by nano metal sulfide, nanocarbon-based and other nano materials. In all solid-state electrolyte systems, the focus is to increase the ionic conductivity of the solid electrolytes and reduce the resistance in the cathode/polymer electrolyte and Li/electrolyte interfaces through using nanomaterials. The basic mechanism of these interface problems and the corresponding electrochemical performance are discussed. Based on the most critical factors of the interfaces, we provide some insights on nanomaterials in high-performance liquid or state Li−S batteries in the future.     

N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Enantioselective α‐Fluorination of Aliphatic Aldehydes and α‐Chloro Aldehydes: Synthesis of α‐Fluoro Esters,Amides, and Thioesters

The asymmetric fluorination of azolium enolates that are generated from readily available simple aliphatic aldehydes or α‐chloro aldehydes and N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) is described. The process significantly expands the synthetic utility of NHC‐catalyzed fluorination and provides facile access to a wide range of α‐fluoro esters, amides, and thioesters with excellent enantioselectivity. Pyrazole was identified as an excellent acyl transfer reagent for catalytic amide formation.     

Silicification‐Induced Cell Aggregation for the Sustainable Production of H2 under Aerobic Conditions

Photobiological hydrogen production is of great importance because of its promise for generating clean renewable energy. In nature, green algae cannot produce hydrogen as a result of the extreme sensitivity of hydrogenase to oxygen. However, we find that silicification‐induced green algae aggregates can achieve sustainable photobiological hydrogen production even under natural aerobic conditions. The core–shell structure of the green algae aggregates creates a balance between photosynthetic electron generation and hydrogenase activity, thus allowing the production of hydrogen. This finding provides a viable pathway for the solar‐driven splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen to develop green energy alternatives by using rationally designed cell–material complexes.     

硼酸钾做润滑油添加剂的抗磨性能之研究

作者利用Shell-Seta四球试验机研究了白油中所含硼酸钾的抗磨特性,以及分散刘中性烷基苯磺酸钙对硼酸钾抗磨性能的影响,并且利用X-射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)和俄歇电子能谱仪(AES)考察了摩擦表面的元素组成及硼元素的价态。结果表明,含硼酸钾的白油能够在摩擦表面形成含硼酸钾的表面膜而具有较好的抗磨性,硼在摩擦表面膜中以硼酸钾的形式存在,分散剂烷基苯磺酸钙会影响硼酸钾沉积腆的形成及其与金属表面的结合强度而降低抗磨性能。     

（Ca,Mg）—Sialon陶瓷在空气及水润滑条件下的磨损机理研究

利用ＳＲＶ球－盘磨损试验机考察了一种（Ｃａ，Ｍｇ）－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ陶瓷在空气及水中的摩擦学性能，并采用ＥＰＭＡ，ＳＥＭ，ＥＤＡＸ以及ＸＰＳ等分析手段对其磨损机理做了进一步研究。结果表明：（Ｃａ，Ｍｇ）－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ陶瓷在水中比在空气中具有更低的摩擦因数，但具有较高的磨损体积损失。     

低钾血症对颅脑创伤患者预后的影响

目的 探讨低钾血症在颅脑创伤患者中的发病情况及其与预后的关系。方法 2010 年6月至2013 年6 月共有168 例住院期间出现低钾血症且年龄≥18 岁的颅脑创伤患者纳入研究。依据低钾血症严重程度的不同,将患者分成轻度组（3.00mmol/L≤血钾＜3.50mmol/L）、中度组（2.50mmol/L≤血钾＜3.00mmol/L）和重度组（血钾＜2.50mmol/L）,各组均采用患者血钾的最低值进行数据分析。高钠血症和低磷血症分别被定义为血钠＞147.00mmol/L 和血磷＜0.80mmol/L。结果 受试患者的血钾在1.10~3.40mmol/L,平均2.90mmol/L。当血钾出现最低值时,与其余两组比较,重度组患者具有更高的血钠和更低的血磷水平（均P＜0.01）。与轻度组（10.5%）或中度组（25.7%）相比,重度组患者的病死率（82.1%）显著上升（均P＜0.01）。多变量逻辑回归分析结果显示,低格拉斯哥昏迷评分（OR=1.28,95%CI=1.12~1.42,P＜0.01）、低血钾（OR=5.57,95%CI=2.76~10.93,P＜0.01）、低血磷（OR=2.76,95%CI=1.11~7.25,P＜0.01）以及高血尿素氮（OR=1.16,95%CI=1.07~1.24,P＜0.01）是导致患者死亡的独立危险因素。结论 颅脑创伤患者是出现低钾血症的高危人群,重度低钾血症的患者更容易合并高钠血症和低磷血症。重度低钾血症和低磷血症是颅脑创伤患者死亡的独立危险因素。