聚乙烯醇存在下锇(Ⅱ)-氯化亚锡-结晶紫体系超高灵敏显色反应的研究

本文研究了聚乙烯醇存在下锇(Ⅱ)-氯化亚锡-结晶紫体系的超高灵敏显色反应。反应物λ_(max)=555nm,ε_(555)=1.52×10~6L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)。锇含量为(0～4.8)μg/25ml时符合比尔定律。对共存离子的干扰和分离进行了实验,拟定的方法可用于矿石和一些含低品位锇物料的分析。     

低β 162.5 MHz taper型HWR腔的机械性能分析（英文）

北京大学正在设计β=0.09,频率为162.5 MHz taper型的二分之一波长射频超导谐振腔(HWR腔),这种腔针对高流强质子束(约100mA)和氘束(约50mA)的加速而设计。对于这种超导腔而言机械性能分析是十分重要的,可以通过机械性能分析来估计由于腔体的形变带来的频率偏移。用ANSYS分析了由于液氦压力不稳定造成的麦克风效应以及洛伦兹力造成的腔体失谐,并且对沿腔体轴线方向的调谐进行了分析。模拟结果显示这只腔压力敏感系数为31.1 Hz/kPa,洛伦兹力系数为-0.41Hz/(MV·m~(-1))~2。腔体的调谐范围达到±177kHz,足够补偿腔体可能的频率偏移。腔体的机械性能满足腔体正常运行的要求。     

Surfactant-Free Multiple Pickering Emulsions Stabilized by Combining Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Nanoparticles

A series of W/O/W or O/W/O emulsion stabilized solely by two different types of solid nanoparticles were prepared by a two-step method. We explored the option of particular emulsifiers for the multiple Pickering emulsions, and a variety of nanoparticles (silica, iron oxide, and clay) only differing in their wettability was used. The primary W/O emulsion was obtained by the hydrophobic nanoparticles, and then the hydrophilic nanoparticles were used as emulsifier in the secondary emulsification to prepare the W/O/W emulsion. In a similar way, the primary O/W emulsion of the O/W/O emulsion was stabilized by the hydrophilic nanoparticles, while the secondary emulsification to prepare the O/W/O emulsion was effected with the hydrophobic nanoparticles. The resultant multiple Pickering emulsion was stable to coalescence for more than 3 months, except the W/O/W emulsions of which the secondary emulsion stabilized by clay nanoparticles became a simple O/W emulsion in a day after preparation. Moreover, the temperature and pH sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-methacrylic acid) (P(NIPAm-co-MAA)) microgels were introduced as an emulsifier for the secondary emulsification to obtain the stimulus-responsive multiple W/O/W emulsion. Such microgel-stabilized multiple emulsions could realize the efficient controlled release of water-soluble dye, Rhodamine B (RB) on demand in a multiple-emulsion delivery system.      

The effects of substituent grafting on the interaction of pH-responsive polymers with phospholipid monolayers

pH-responsive amphiphilic polymers with suitable graftings have demonstrated highly efficient cell membrane activity and hence are promising applicants for drug-delivery. Grafting the hydrophobic amino acid l-phenylalanine and the hydrophilic methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) amine onto the pendant carboxylic acid moieties of a linear polyamide, poly(l-lysine isophthalamide), can effectively modify the amphiphilicity and conformation of the amphiphilic polymers. Here, the interactions of these polymers with phospholipid monolayers adsorbed on mercury (Hg) electrodes have been studied. AC voltammetry (ACV), rapid cyclic voltammetry (RCV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) have been applied to monitor phospholipid monolayer associations with different polymer concentrations under different pH values. The polymers interact reversibly with the monolayer shown by altering the monolayer capacitance and inhibiting the phospholipid reorientation in electric field. Polymer grafting enhances the pH-mediated conformational change of the polymers which in turn increases their phospholipid monolayer activity. The most significant monolayer interactions have been observed with the polymer grafted with hydrophobic l-phenylalanine. A low level of PEGylation of the backbone also increases the monolayer activity. The polymer/DOPC interactions have been represented with an impedance model, which takes account of the interaction giving rise to an increase in monolayer capacitance and inhomogeneity and a Debye type dielectric relaxation. The extent of penetration of the polymers into the monolayer is inversely related to the electrical resistance they give rise to during the Debye relaxation. The cell membrane activities of these amphiphilic polymers have been successfully mirrored in this supported DOPC monolayer system, isolating the key parameters for biomembrane activities and giving insight into the mechanism of the interactions. The conclusions from this study provide strategic directions in material design catering to different requirements in biomedical applications.     

锂离子电池有机正极材料

随着储能电源和电动汽车的迅猛发展,开发高能量密度的锂离子电池成为研究的重点之一。锂离子电池性能的提高很大程度上取决于正极材料的特性。目前,广泛使用的无机正极材料普遍存在容量提升有限、生产过程消耗能源大、存在安全隐患和成本高等缺陷。因此,需要开发比容量更高、安全性更好和在自然界中储量更为丰富的绿色能源材料。与无机正极材料相比,有机物正极材料具有理论比容量高、原料丰富、环境友好、结构可设计性强和体系安全的优点,是一类具有广泛应用前景的储能物质。本文综述了目前国内外已经开展的研究工作,介绍了作为锂离子正极材料的几类主要的有机化合物,包括导电高分子聚合物、含硫化合物、氮氧自由基化合物和含氧共轭化合物等;对比分析了这些化合物的电化学性能、电化学反应机理及其具备的优势和存在的不足;指出了有机化合物作为锂离子正极材料需要解决的问题及今后研究和改进方向。     

粒子与聚合物协同稳定高内相Pickering乳液

选用二氧化硅纳米粒子(H30)和聚(乳酸-羟基乙酸)共聚物(PLGA)为复合稳定剂, 成功制备出内相体积分数高达90%的高内相Pickering 乳液. 对照实验表明: 单独用H30粒子作稳定剂, 内相体积分数上限为75%; 单独用PLGA 作稳定剂, 发生严重相分离, 不能形成乳液. 无机纳米粒子与聚合物之间的协同作用在制备高内相乳液的过程中起到了关键作用. 因此, 使用无机粒子和聚合物作为混合稳定剂制备高内相乳液是一种新型而有效的方法.     

Syntheses and crystal structures of two new coordination polymers constructed from 2‐bromo‐1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate

To explore the possibility of obtaining the metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) bearing the 2‐bromo‐1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate ligand, one new Mn(II) and one Co(II) coordination polymers, [Mn(HL)₂(bipy)₂·2H₂O]·bipy ( 1 ) and [Co(L)(bpe)] ( 2 ) (bipy=4,4′‐bipyridine; bpe=1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethene) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and X‐ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 1 exhibits one‐dimensional coordination chains, which are further connected to form two dimensional supramolecular networks through hydrogen bonding interactions. Compound 2 presents a two‐fold interpenetrating two‐dimensional layer structure. The 2‐bromo‐1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate anion exhibits different coordination modes in the two complexes. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

桂林市岩溶塌陷及防治

根据收集的大量钻探资料统计, 分析了桂林市岩溶地面塌陷的成因机制、分布规律及防治措施, 对桂林市的市政工程建设具有一定的参考价值。     

Electrochromic performance of Zn-Ti-O composite thin film with electrolyte dependence

Zn-Ti-O composite thin film prepared on FTO by sol-gel technique is discovered presenting electrochromic behavior in electrolytes with Li⁺ ion (LiClO₄) and K⁺ (KCl) as well. The observed EC colored/bleached switching is electrolyte dependent which is blue-green/transparent in LiClO₄ and gray-blue/transparent in KCl, respectively. Accordantly, the respective most optical modulation (ΔT) between colored and bleached states is ~?32% (710 nm) in LiClO₄ and ~?37% (600 nm) in KCl. The finding of appreciable steady EC durability with appealing visual optical contrast (ΔT) in conventionally fabricated Zn-Ti-O thin film using with bigger/heavier K⁺ electrolyte helps expanding the applicable components in EC device.