Heterocyclic compounds from 3-(4-phenyl) benzoyl propionic acid

3-(4-Phenyl) benzoyl propionic acid was used as the starting material for the synthesisof furanones (2), pyrrolinones (5), pyridazinones (7), benzoxazinones (8) and quinazolinones (9-11). The behaviour of the derivatives of furanones and benzoxazinones toward different nucleophiles is reported.     

Influence of vanadium doping on the behavior of YBa_2Cu_3O_7-y

YBa2Cu3-xVxO7-y(x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6) superconductors have been prepared. X-ray diffraction shows that the system remains orthorhombic for all compositions studied, but for x > 0.4 V2O5 was detected as an impurity phase. Substitution of V5+ for Cu2+ occurs in the Cu(2) sites on the Cu(2)-O planes. The introduction of the high valence element, vanadium, produces the extra free-electrons. These electrons recombine with the positive carrier of the system. It makes depression of the mobility and the Hall number of YBa2Cu3-xVxO7-v and also results in a depression of TC.     

CHEMILUMINESCENCE AND FLUORESCENCE OF THE EUROPIUM IONS-ADENINE NUCLEOTIDES SYSTEM AND ITS POSSIBLE BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Abstract— Chemiluminescence of the Eu(II)/Eu(III)-adenine nucleotide-H₂O₂ system and fluorescence of the Eu(III)-adenosine triphosphate system have been investigated. The spectral distribution of the chemiluminescence emission has shown an occurrence of three main bands (Λ=470–480,590–620 and ca. 700 nm). The energy transfer process from the adenosine triphosphate molecules to the Eu(III) ions has been observed in the fluorescence spectrum. The examined chemiluminescence and fluorescence spectra show that these both kinds of emission originate from the ⁵ D _***τ⁷F_*** ( n =1–4) transitions in the Eu(III) ions.     

E2 nuclear resonance effects in pionic and kaonic atoms

The attenuation due to the E2 nuclear resonance effect has been measured in hadronic atoms using pions with ¹¹¹Cd and ¹¹²Cd, and for kaons with ¹²²Sn. Energies of the relevant X-ray and γ-ray transitions and of the X-ray cascade intensities have also been measured so as to give a self-consistent set of information. The results are found to be in very good agreement with theoretical calculations.     

An adaptive control scheme for a continuous plant under Known output delay, unmodelled dynamics, and input saturation

This paper deals with robustness of adaptive control of continuoussystems subject to known output delay, input saturation, unmodelledlinear dynamics, and bounded disturbances. A simple gradient-typealgorithm with a relative deadzone is used. The relative deadzoneis built with an estimated contribution of the unmodelled dynamicsto the system output. The basic tool used for stability androbustness analysis is Gronwall's lemma.     

Impedance-optimized photo-acoustic spectroscopy

We have examined the basic assumptions leading to optimized performance of small photo-acoustic resonators. Previous attempts at miniaturizing photo-acoustic systems have found the loading of the microphone on the cavity to be insignificant. We have shown theoretically and tested experimentally the fact that the microphone loading can have a dramatic effect on the resonator behavior. Treatment of the pressure and volume velocity of the sound waves as analogs of voltage and current facilitates the use of standard electrical engineering techniques and leads to techniques that enable one to efficiently optimize the impedance match between the cavity and the microphone. PACS 43.35.Ud; 43.20.Ks; 43.20.Mv