A High Power Conversion Efficiency L-Band Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier

By using two sections of erbium doped fiber and a fiber optical reflector, a novel, highly efficient L bandamplifier is demonstrated with significantly power-conversion-efficiency enhancement and the gain increasing of as much as 13 dB.     

Study of the peak effect phenomenon in single crystals of 2H-NbSe2

The weakly pinned single crystals of the hexagonal 2H-NbSe₂ compound have emerged as prototypes for determining and characterizing the phase boundaries of the possible order-disorder transformations in the vortex matter. We present here a status report based on the ac and dc magnetization measurements of the peak effect phenomenon in three crystals of 2H-NbSe₂, in which the critical current densities vary over two orders of magnitude. We sketch the generic vortex phase diagram of a weakly pinned superconductor, which also utilizes theoretical proposals. We also establish the connection between the metastability effects and pinning.     

Critical points in the Bragg glass phase of a weakly pinned crystal of Ca3Rh4Sn13

New experimental data are presented on the scan rate dependence of the magnetization hysteresis width ΔM(H) (∞ critical current densityJ _c(H)) in isothermalMH scans in a weakly pinned single crystal of Ca₃Rh₄Sn₁₃, which displays second magnetization peak (SMP) anomaly as distinct from the peak effect (PE). We observe an interesting modulation in the field dependence of a parameter which purports to measure the dynamical annealing of the disordered bundles of vortices injected through the sample edges towards the destined equilibrium vortex state at a givenH. These data, in conjunction with the earlier observations made while studying the thermomagnetic history dependence inJ _c(H) in the tracing of the minor hysteresis loops, imply that the partially disordered state heals towards the more ordered state between the peak field of the SMP anomaly and the onset field of the PE. The vortex phase diagram in the given crystal of Ca₃Rh₄Sn₁₃ has been updated in the context of the notion of the phase coexistence of the ordered and disordered regions between the onset field of the SMP anomaly and the spinodal line located just prior to the irreversibility line. A multi-critical point and a critical point in the (H,T) region of the Bragg glass phase have been marked in this phase diagram and the observed behavior is discussed in the light of recent data on multi-critical point in the vortex phase diagram in a single crystal of Nb.     

57Fe Mössbauer investigations in the series Fe4−2xRuxSix(1.0≦x≦1.7)

⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer and magnetization studies on a new series Fe_4–2xRu_xSi_x (1.0x1.7) are reported. The system is seen to transform from a collinear ferromagnet for x1.2 to a cluster spin glass for x>=1.54 In the intermediate region the magnetic behaviour of the system, as probed by the Mössbauer effect, is dominated by the presence of clusters and their dynamics. The alloys have large ordering temperatures ( 750 K) throughout the series except for x>1.54 where they drop sharply. The moment values, in contrast, fall sharply from 4.8_B at x=1 to 0.5_B at x=1.6C. The average value of the HF at⁵⁷Fe measured at 15 K does not change significantly throughout the series.     

Palladium(II) complexes of aliphatic amines and their oxidation by chloramine‐T in perchloric acid medium

The formation of palladium(II) complexes with aliphatic amines and their oxidation by chloramine‐T in perchloric acid medium has been studied. The spectrophotometric studies showed the formation of 1:1 and 1:2 complexes between palladium(II) and amine in absence of HClO₄. An increase in [HClO₄] in reaction mixture suppresses the complex formation and in presence of [HClO₄] ～10^?3 mol dm^?3 only a 1:1 complex between palladium(II) and amine has been observed. The effect of Cl^? on the complex formation has also been studied. Palladium(II)‐catalyzed oxidation of these amines by chloramine‐T showed a first‐order dependence of rate with respect to each—oxidant, substrate, catalyst, and H⁺. The mechanism consistent with kinetic data for the oxidation process has been proposed in absence as well as in presence of initial [Cl^?]. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 603–612, 2002     

Diagnostic Sodium Acetate Shifts in UV Spectrum of Benzofuran-3-Ones

4-Hydroxybenzofuran-3-ones show a large bathochromic shift in UV spectrum on the addition of sodium acetate. Such a large shift is not observed in 6-hydroxycompounds.